本文利用Pao的猜想[Y.- H. Pao,Phys. Fluids 11,1371(1968)],我们导出了延伸到惯性范围之外的二维(2D)强迫湍流的动能和拟能的谱和通量的表达式。在这些表达式中,通量和光谱包含指数形式的附加因子。为了验证这些模型的预测,我们进行数值模拟的二维湍流与外力施加在$k=k_f$在中间范围。除了$k<k_f$的能量通量和涡度拟能通量有明显的波动外,数值结果与模式的预测相吻合。我们表明,这些波动出现由于在小波数的流动的非定常性质。对于$k<k_f$,使用数值数据计算的壳到壳的能量传递显示相邻壳之间的向前能量传递,但其他壳的向后能量传递。
英文摘要:
In this paper, using Pao's conjecture [Y.-H. Pao, Phys. Fluids 11, 1371 (1968)], we derive expressions for the spectra and fluxes of kinetic energy and enstrophy for two-dimensional (2D) forced turbulence that extend beyond the inertial range. In these expressions, the fluxes and the spectra contain additional factors of the exponential form. To validate these model predictions, we perform numerical simulations of 2D turbulence with an external force applied at $k=k_f$ in the intermediate range. The numerical results match with the model predictions, except for the energy and enstrophy fluxes for $k<k_f$, where the fluxes exhibit significant fluctuations. We show that these fluctuations arise due to the unsteady nature of the flow at small wavenumbers. For the $k<k_f$, the shell-to-shell energy transfers computed using numerical data show forward energy transfers among the neighbouring shells, but backward energy transfers for other shells.
Area and Perimeter Rules of Velocity Circulation in Two-Dimensional Turbulence with Large-scale Absolute Equilibrium
School of Mechanics and Engineering Science and State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Peking University(北京大学力学与工程科学系及湍流与复杂系统国家重点实验室)
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