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arXiv 1902.01341astro-ph.SR
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变星B超巨星的风性质。与质量损失事件有关的脉动证据

Wind properties of variable B supergiants. Evidence of pulsations connected with mass-loss episodes

M. Haucke, L. S. Cidale, R. O. J. Venero, M. Curé, M. Kraus, S. Kanaan, C. Arcos

摘要:

变星B超巨星(BSG)是一组异质的恒星,具有复杂的光度和光谱行为。它们表现出质量损失的变化,并经历不同类型的振荡模式,越来越多的证据表明,可变的恒星风和光球脉动密切相关。为了讨论演化的B型恒星的风的性质和变化,我们推导出新的恒星和风参数的样本19银河系BSG拟合理论线轮廓的H,He,和Si的观察到的,并与以前的测定进行比较。首次获得了三颗恒星的质量损失率。所有恒星都遵循已知的经验风动量-光度关系,BSG晚期表现出BSG中期的趋势。我们发现了一个经验关系,将质量损失变化的幅度与数十天的时间尺度上的光度/光谱变化相关联。我们发现,位于冷侧的双稳态跳跃的恒星显示出终端和逃逸速度比的减少,而其相应的质量损失率是类似于或低于发现的值为恒星的热侧。特别地,对于那些变星,终端速度和逃逸速度比的降低伴随着质量损失率的降低。我们的研究结果还表明,径向脉动模式的周期大于6天,可能是负责风的变化在中/晚型BSG。这些径向模式可能与奇怪的模式,这是已知的促进(增强)质量损失。另一方面,我们建议,风的行为的双稳定性跳跃的冷侧的恒星可以适合与预测的三角洲慢流体动力学解决方案的辐射驱动的风与高度可变的电离。

英文摘要:

Variable B supergiants (BSGs) constitute a heterogeneous group of stars with complex photometric and spectroscopic behaviours. They exhibit mass-loss variations and experience different types of oscillation modes, and there is growing evidence that variable stellar winds and photospheric pulsations are closely related. To discuss the wind properties and variability of evolved B-type stars, we derive new stellar and wind parameters for a sample of 19 Galactic BSGs by fitting theoretical line profiles of H, He, and Si to the observed ones and compare them with previous determinations. The mass-loss rate of three stars has been obtained for the first time. All stars follow the known empirical wind momentum-luminosity relationships, and the late BSGs show the trend of the mid BSGs. We find an empirical relationship that associates the amplitude of mass-loss variations with photometric/spectroscopic variability on timescales of tens of days. We find that stars located on the cool side of the bi-stability jump show a decrease in the terminal and escape velocities ratio, while their corresponding mass-loss rates are similar to or lower than the values found for stars on the hot side. Particularly, for those variable stars a decrease in the terminal and escape velocities ratio is accompanied by a decrease in the mass-loss rate. Our results also suggest that radial pulsation modes with periods longer than 6 days might be responsible for the wind variability in the mid/late-type BSGs. These radial modes might be identified with strange modes, which are known to facilitate (enhanced) mass loss. On the other hand, we propose that the wind behaviour of stars on the cool side of the bi-stability jump could fit with predictions of the delta-slow hydrodynamics solution for radiation-driven winds with highly variable ionization.

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