洁净二维超导体中无耗散输运的缺失
Absence of dissipationless transport in clean 2D superconductors
摘要：
无耗散电荷输运是超导体的重要性质之一。在确定SC中耗散的开始时，维度和无序之间的相互作用仍然是一个开放的理论和实验问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了测量的SC的耗散相图在二维（2D）的限制，逐层，下至单层的温度（T），磁场（B），和电流（I）的存在下，在2 H-NbSe 2。我们的结果表明，即使在二维极限的相图强烈依赖于SC厚度。在四个层中，我们可以在I-B相图中定义一个有限区域，其中T=0时存在无耗散输运。在甚至更小的厚度下，该区域的面积缩小。在单层中，我们发现无耗散输运区域向单个点收缩，由T=B=I=0定义。在应用领域，我们表明，时间相关的金兹伯格-朗道（TDGL）模拟描述耗散的旋涡运动，定性地再现我们的实验I-B相图。最后，我们表明，通过使用非本地传输和TDGL计算，我们可以工程师的电荷流和创建在一个单一的样品中的耗散和无耗散的传输区域之间的相边界，展示了对非平衡态的物质的控制。
英文摘要：
Dissipationless charge transport is one of the defining properties of superconductors (SC). The interplay between dimensionality and disorder in determining the onset of dissipation in SCs remains an open theoretical and experimental problem. In this work, we present measurements of the dissipation phase diagrams of SCs in the two dimensional (2D) limit, layer by layer, down to a monolayer in the presence of temperature (T), magnetic field (B), and current (I) in 2H-NbSe2. Our results show that the phase-diagram strongly depends on the SC thickness even in the 2D limit. At four layers we can define a finite region in the I-B phase diagram where dissipationless transport exists at T=0. At even smaller thicknesses, this region shrinks in area. In a monolayer, we find that the region of dissipationless transport shrinks towards a single point, defined by T=B=I=0. In applied field, we show that time-dependent-Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) simulations that describe dissipation by vortex motion, qualitatively reproduce our experimental I-B phase diagram. Last, we show that by using non-local transport and TDGL calculations that we can engineer charge flow and create phase boundaries between dissipative and dissipationless transport regions in a single sample, demonstrating control over non-equilibrium states of matter.
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