奥古斯塔·陶瑞诺姆的建立年代。奥古斯丁的宣传和天文学的作用
Dating the foundation of Augusta Taurinorum ex sole. The augustean propaganda and the role of Astronomy
摘要：
这篇文章介绍了天文学和考古学的联合研究结果，该研究允许将都灵市的成立日期定义为罗马殖民地，称为Iulia Augusta Taurinorum。这种多学科的研究代表了一种新的阅读历史考古资料和天文学的使用根据伊特鲁里亚-拉丁gromatica。考虑到真太阳的视运动、可能的测量误差、大气折射和地平线高度以及天文学中使用的儒略历日期，已经制定了一个数值程序来定义主路轴方位角和太阳路线之间的日历重合。由于一系列非常特殊的历史和背景条件，因此可以足够准确地追溯城市建立的日期和年份：公元前9年1月30日，毫不奇怪，这与奥塔维亚诺·奥古斯托（Ottaviano Augusto）的一个特别重要的周年纪念日相吻合，从公元前27年到公元前14年。事实上，天文学数据与考古学、金石学和书面资料相结合表明，都灵诞生于阿尔卑斯战争结束时，在获得苏萨山谷之后结束，更广泛地说，是海上阿尔卑斯山、本宁和格雷。作为通往高卢的道路上的殖民地，Augusta Taurinorum在Pax节日的周年纪念日举行了就职典礼，该节日由奥古斯都建立，并从公元前9年开始在罗马的Ara Pacis庆祝。事实上，Campo Marzio的大型大理石祭坛是为了庆祝内战的结束和新时代的开始而建造的（当时的占星术/天文历表也证实了这一点），这在Augustean官方文献中得到了广泛报道。
英文摘要：
The essay presents the results of a joint study of astronomy and archeology that has allowed to define the foundation date of the city of Turin as a Roman colony, called Iulia Augusta Taurinorum. This multidisciplinary research represents a new reading of the historical-archaeological sources and the use of astronomy according to the Etruscan-Latin gromatica. By taking into consideration the apparent motion of a True Sun, the possible measurement errors, the atmospheric refraction and the elevation of the horizon, and the Julian date in use in astronomy, a numerical program has been elaborated to define the coincidences of the calendars between the azimuth of the main road axis and the course of the sun. For a series of very particular historical and contextual conditions it was therefore possible to trace with sufficient accuracy the day and the year of foundation of the city: January 30, 9 BC, which coincides, not surprisingly, with a particularly important anniversary for Ottaviano Augusto, Emperor from 27 BC to 14 AC. In fact, the astronomical data interfaced with the archaeological, epigraphic and written sources suggest that Turin was born at the end of the Alpine wars, concluded after the acquisition of the Valle di Susa and, more extensively, of the Maritime Alps, Pennine and Graie. Founded as a colony along the road leading to the Gauls, Augusta Taurinorum was inaugurated on the day of the anniversary of the feast of Pax, established by Augustus and celebrated at the Ara Pacis in Rome starting from 9 BC. The large marble altar of Campo Marzio was, as matter of fact, built to celebrate the end of civil wars and the beginning of a new era (confirmed also by the astrological/astronomical ephemerides of that time), which is widely reported in the official Augustean literature.
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