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arXiv 1901.07585physics.flu-dyn
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持续分层剪切流的形态转变与能量学

Regime transitions and energetics of sustained stratified shear flows

A. Lefauve, J. L. Partridge, P. F. Linden

AI总结:

本研究探讨了持续分层剪切流的长期动力学,通过 SID 实验揭示了倾角 $θ$ 和 Reynolds 数 $Re$ 导致的四种流动形态,并基于 360 次实验与能量收支分析提出了与经验高度吻合的形态转变标度律。

摘要:

我们在实验室中描述了持续分层剪切流的长期动力学。Stratified Inclined Duct (SID) 实验在连接两个装有不同密度盐溶液储液罐的倾斜管道中建立了双层交换流。该流动主要由两个无量纲参数表征:管道相对于水平面的倾角 $θ$(最多几度),以及基于驱动流动的密度差的输入参数 Reynolds 数 $Re$。该流动可在恒定强迫下维持任意长时间,并展现出代表地球物理相关的持续分层剪切流的丰富动力学行为。改变 $θ$ 和 $Re$ 会导致四种定性不同的形态:层流;具有有限振幅、传播的 Holmboe 波的以层流为主的流动;伴随大量界面混合的时空间歇性湍流;以及持续的剧烈界面湍流(Meyer & Linden, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 753, 2014, pp. 242-253)。我们试图解释输入参数二维平面 $(θ, Re)$ 中形态间转变的标度规律。我们改进了先前对此问题的研究,提供了坚实的物理基础和相互一致的无量纲标度律,并与我们从跨越 $θ\in [-1^\circ, 6^\circ]$ 和 $Re \in [300, 5000]$ 的 360 次实验中推断的经验转变曲线高度吻合。为此,我们采用最先进的密度场和三分量速度场同步体积测量技术,并使用时间及体积平均的势能和动能收支来分析这些实验数据。我们表明形态转变是由……

英文摘要:

We describe the long-term dynamics of sustained stratified shear flows in the laboratory. The Stratified Inclined Duct (SID) experiment sets up a two-layer exchange flow in an inclined duct connecting two reservoirs containing salt solutions of different densities. This flow is primarily characterised by two non-dimensional parameters: the tilt angle of the duct with respect to the horizontal, $θ$ (a few degrees at most), and the Reynolds number $Re$, an input parameter based on the density difference driving the flow. The flow can be sustained with constant forcing over arbitrarily long times and exhibits a wealth of dynamical behaviours representative of geophysically-relevant sustained stratified shear flows. Varying $θ$ and $Re$ leads to four qualitatively different regimes: laminar flow; mostly laminar flow with finite-amplitude, travelling Holmboe waves; spatio-temporally intermittent turbulence with substantial interfacial mixing; and sustained, vigorous interfacial turbulence (Meyer & Linden, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 753, 2014, pp. 242-253). We seek to explain the scaling of the transitions between flow regimes in the two-dimensional plane of input parameters $(θ, Re)$. We improve upon previous studies of this problem by providing a firm physical basis and non-dimensional scaling laws that are mutually consistent and in good agreement with the empirical transition curves we inferred from 360 experiments spanning $θ\in [-1^\circ, 6^\circ]$ and $Re \in [300, 5000]$. To do so, we employ state-of-the-art simultaneous volumetric measurements of the density field and the three-component velocity field, and analyse these experimental data using time- and volume-averaged potential and kinetic energy budgets. We show that regime transitions are caused by ...

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