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arXiv 1901.07098cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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原子薄异质结构声等离子体激元中的量子效应

Quantum Effects in the Acoustic Plasmons of Atomically-Thin Heterostructures

A. Rodríguez Echarri, Joel D. Cox, F. Javier García de Abajo

摘要:

纳米纤维技术的最新进展现在能够对2D异质结构进行前所未有的控制,其中具有协同光电特性的单原子或少数原子厚的材料可以结合起来开发下一代纳米光子器件。可以在2D金属和电介质层之间的界面处实现对光的精确控制,其中表面等离子体激元强烈地限制电磁能量。在这里,我们揭示了量子和有限尺寸效应的混合系统组成的石墨烯和几个原子层的贵金属,基于量子描述,捕获这些材料的电子能带结构。发现这些现象在等离子体场的金属屏蔽中起重要作用,确定它们在石墨烯层中传播的程度。特别是,我们发现单原子金属层能够将石墨烯等离子体推向带内过渡区,使它们成为声学的,而添加更多的金属层只会产生色散的微小变化,但会强烈影响寿命。我们进一步发现,需要一种量子方法来正确地解释与金属中的单粒子激发相关的相当大的朗道阻尼。我们预计,这些结果将有助于设计未来的平台,在纳米尺度上的极端光-物质相互作用。

英文摘要:

Recent advances in nanofabrication technology now enable unprecedented control over 2D heterostructures, in which single- or few-atom thick materials with synergetic opto-electronic properties can be combined to develop next-generation nanophotonic devices. Precise control of light can be achieved at the interface between 2D metal and dielectric layers, where surface plasmon polaritons strongly confine electromagnetic energy. Here we reveal quantum and finite-size effects in hybrid systems consisting of graphene and few-atomic-layer noble metals, based on a quantum description that captures the electronic band structure of these materials. These phenomena are found to play an important role in the metal screening of the plasmonic fields, determining the extent to which they propagate in the graphene layer. In particular, we find that a monoatomic metal layer is capable of pushing graphene plasmons toward the intraband transition region, rendering them acoustic, while the addition of more metal layers only produces minor changes in the dispersion but strongly affects the lifetime. We further find that a quantum approach is required to correctly account for the sizable Landau damping associated with single-particle excitations in the metal. We anticipate that these results will aid in the design of future platforms for extreme light-matter interaction on the nanoscale.

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