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arXiv 1901.04827stat.MLcs.LG
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用MC和MCMC逼近具有线性不等式约束和噪声观测的高斯过程仿真器

Approximating Gaussian Process Emulators with Linear Inequality Constraints and Noisy Observations via MC and MCMC

Mines Saint-Étienne(圣埃蒂安矿业学院);Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse(图卢兹数学研究所);BRGM(法国地质矿产调查局)

Andrés F. López-Lopera, François Bachoc, Nicolas Durrande, Jérémy Rohmer, Déborah Idier, Olivier Roustant

摘要:

在高斯过程中加入不等式约束(如有界性、单调性、凸性)可以得到更真实的随机仿真器。由于后验的截断高斯性,其分布必须近似。在这项工作中,我们考虑蒙特卡罗(MC)和马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)方法。然而,由于高度限制的样本空间,严格地内插观测可能需要昂贵的计算。此外,当数据实际上是噪声时,具有(受约束的)GP仿真器对于现实世界的实现也是有意义的。因此,我们引入了一个噪声项的插值条件的放松,我们开发了相应的近似GP仿真器下的线性不等式约束。我们展示了各种玩具的例子,MC和MCMC采样器的性能提高时,考虑噪声观测。最后,在2D和5D沿海洪水的应用,我们表明,更灵活和现实的GP实现可以通过考虑噪声的影响,并通过执行(线性)不等式约束。

英文摘要:

Adding inequality constraints (e.g. boundedness, monotonicity, convexity) into Gaussian processes (GPs) can lead to more realistic stochastic emulators. Due to the truncated Gaussianity of the posterior, its distribution has to be approximated. In this work, we consider Monte Carlo (MC) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. However, strictly interpolating the observations may entail expensive computations due to highly restrictive sample spaces. Furthermore, having (constrained) GP emulators when data are actually noisy is also of interest for real-world implementations. Hence, we introduce a noise term for the relaxation of the interpolation conditions, and we develop the corresponding approximation of GP emulators under linear inequality constraints. We show with various toy examples that the performance of MC and MCMC samplers improves when considering noisy observations. Finally, on 2D and 5D coastal flooding applications, we show that more flexible and realistic GP implementations can be obtained by considering noise effects and by enforcing the (linear) inequality constraints.

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