arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1901.04730cs.LGcs.CYstat.ML
收藏

公平和无偏见的商业决策:现状和未来挑战

Fair and Unbiased Algorithmic Decision Making: Current State and Future Challenges

JRC(欧盟联合研究中心)

Songül Tolan

摘要:

机器学习算法现在经常用于对人类生活产生重大影响的敏感环境中,例如信贷或刑事司法。这是由这样一种想法驱动的,即“客观”机器的决定完全基于事实,不受人类认知偏见、歧视倾向或情绪的影响。然而,有压倒性的证据表明,当算法基于包含有偏见的人类决策的数据时,它们可以继承甚至延续人类决策中的偏见。这导致了对公平意识机器学习的呼吁。然而,公平性是一个复杂的概念,这也反映在试图正式公平算法决策。公平性的统计形式化导致了一长串标准,这些标准在不同的情况下都是有缺陷的(甚至是有害的)。此外,这些标准中固有的权衡使得不可能将它们统一在一个总的框架中。因此,算法中的公平性约束必须特定于算法所应用的域。未来,算法决策系统的研究应该意识到数据和开发者的偏见,并关注透明度,以促进定期的公平审计。

英文摘要:

Machine learning algorithms are now frequently used in sensitive contexts that substantially affect the course of human lives, such as credit lending or criminal justice. This is driven by the idea that `objective' machines base their decisions solely on facts and remain unaffected by human cognitive biases, discriminatory tendencies or emotions. Yet, there is overwhelming evidence showing that algorithms can inherit or even perpetuate human biases in their decision making when they are based on data that contains biased human decisions. This has led to a call for fairness-aware machine learning. However, fairness is a complex concept which is also reflected in the attempts to formalize fairness for algorithmic decision making. Statistical formalizations of fairness lead to a long list of criteria that are each flawed (or harmful even) in different contexts. Moreover, inherent tradeoffs in these criteria make it impossible to unify them in one general framework. Thus, fairness constraints in algorithms have to be specific to the domains to which the algorithms are applied. In the future, research in algorithmic decision making systems should be aware of data and developer biases and add a focus on transparency to facilitate regular fairness audits.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑