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arXiv 1901.04556quant-phcond-mat.otherhep-ph
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量子摩擦和退相干的热修正:原子-表面相互作用的闭合时间路径方法

Thermal corrections to quantum friction and decoherence: a Closed-Time-Path approach to atom-surface interaction

Ludmila Viotti, M. Belén Farías, Paula I. Villar, Fernando C. Lombardo

摘要:

本文研究了量子真空中粒子在介质板前匀速运动时所引起的耗散效应和退相干,提出了一种封闭时间路径(CTP)积分公式,用以解释有限温度对这些现象的修正。我们计算了运动粒子的摩擦力,发现它包含两个不同的贡献:一个是由量子涨落引起的纯量子项(即使在消失的温度下也存在),另一个是由热涨落产生的温度依赖分量(温度越高,贡献越大)。我们进一步估计了量子粒子内部自由度的退相干时标。正如预期的那样,退相干时间减少的温度,然而,这一特点是强大的大速度和共振的情况。当粒子接近相对论速度时,退相干时间变得与温度无关。通过研究速度依赖性,可以利用对力的有限温度修正,甚至在退相干时间尺度上的有限温度修正来跟踪量子摩擦的痕迹,因为这种依赖性的唯一证据提供了量子摩擦力存在的间接证据

英文摘要:

In this paper we study the dissipative effects and decoherence induced on a particle moving at constant speed in front of a dielectric plate in quantum vacuum, developing a Closed-Time-Path (CTP) integral formulation in order to account for the corrections to these phenomena generated by finite temperatures. We compute the frictional force of the moving particle and find that it contains two different contributions: a pure quantum term due to quantum fluctuations (even present at vanishing temperatures) and a temperature dependent component generated by thermal fluctuations (bigger contribution the higher the temperature). We further estimate the decoherence timescale for the internal degree of freedom of the quantum particle. As expected, decoherence time is reduced by temperature, however, this feature is stronger for large velocities and for resonant situations. When the particle approaches relativistic speed, decoherence time becomes independent of temperature. The finite temperatures corrections to the force or even in the decoherence timescale could be used to track traces of quantum friction through the study of the velocity dependence since the solely evidence of this dependence provides an indirect testimony of the existence of a quantum frictional force

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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