Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculation predicts that a colour-deconfined QCD matter, Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), is formed at high temperature and energy density reached in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are mostly produced by initial hard scatterings before the formation of the QGP. Therefore heavy-flavour hadrons are ideal probes to investigate the properties of the hot and dense QCD matter. In Pb-Pb collisions, a strong suppression of the production of heavy-flavour hadrons with high transverse momentum has been observed. A deeper understanding of heavy-flavour production and interaction with the QGP requires detailed studies of Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects in order to clarify the role of initial- and final-state effects on their production. CNM effects include shadowing and/or saturation of partons, energy loss in CNM and $k_{\rm{T}}$-broadening. Such effects on heavy quark production can be studied in proton-nucleus collisions via heavy-flavour decays electrons. High-$p_{\rm{T}}$ electrons are especially interesting because they mainly originate from beauty hadrons. We report the $p_{\rm{T}}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor ($R_{\rm{pPb}}$) and ratio of cross section of heavy-flavour decays electrons in p-Pb collisions with different collision energies, $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 8.16\,$TeV and $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02\,$TeV.
This document presents eight recent and new analyses from the LHCb experiment covering results on CKM angle $γ$ and high precision measurements on charm mixing parameters. In addition, the latest CP violation measurements in charm and beauty decays are reported.
In this manuscript, various beauty production measurements using the ALICE detector will be presented. We will show new measurements of non-prompt D$^0$ mesons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV and beauty-tagged jet production in p--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV. The $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ of beauty-hadron decay electrons in central Pb--Pb collisions and the $v_{2}$ of beauty-hadron decay electrons in semi-central Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV will also be discussed.
The production of charm and beauty quarks in ep interactions has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA for squared four-momentum exchange Q^2>20 GeV^2, using an integrated luminosity of 126 pb^{-1}. Charm and beauty quarks were identified through their decays into muons. Differential cross sections were measured for muon transverse momenta p_T^μ>1.5 GeV and pseudorapidities -1.6<η^μ<2.3, as a function of p_T^μ, η^μ, Q^2 and Bjorken x. The charm and beauty contributions to the proton structure function F_2 were also extracted. The results agree with previous measurements based on indepen…
The study of $C\!P$ violation in decays of beauty- and charm-hadrons provides a fundamental test of the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) and represents a sensitive probe to search for physics effects that cannot be described within the SM. In these proceedings, precision measurements are presented of several observables related to the so-called unitary triangles, that arise from the unitarity requirements on the 3x3 Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix describing the quark mixing. Moreover, recent measurements of $C\!P$ violation in beauty- and charm-hadrons are illustrated. In particular, a…
Inclusive charm and beauty cross sections are measured in e-p and e+p neutral current collisions at HERA in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 5<Q^2<2000 GeV^2 and Bjorken scaling variable 0.0002<x<0.05. The data were collected with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 189 pb^-1. The numbers of charm and beauty events are determined using variables reconstructed by the H1 vertex detector including the impact parameter of tracks to the primary vertex and the position of the secondary vertex. The measurements are combined with previous da…
This contribution summarizes a selection of recent results from the ALICE experiment. We show the cross-section of beauty jets in pp collisions, as well as the charmed baryon-to-meson production ratios, down to unprecedentedly low momenta, at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ and 13 TeV collision energies. We present the nuclear modification of ${\rm D}^0$-jets and the $v_2$ of non-prompt ${\rm D}^0$ in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. We also discuss the implications and constraints from comparing these data to some of the most recent theoretical models.
Measurements of cross sections for events with charm and beauty jets in deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented. Events with jets of transverse energy E_T^jet > 6 GeV and pseudorapidity -1.0 < eta^jet < 1.5 in the laboratory frame are selected in the kinematic region of photon virtuality Q^2 > 6 GeV^2 and inelasticity variable 0.07 < y < 0.625. Measurements are also made requiring a jet in the Breit frame with E_T^*jet > 6 GeV. The data were collected with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 189 pb^-1. The numbers of charm and beauty …
b and c hadrons are instrumental to the identification and study of the Higgs sector and new physics at a future lepton collider. This paper reviews highlights of b and c physics for the linear collider programs and the directions of ongoing R&D on pixellated Si sensors for its vertex tracker.
Measurements of cross sections for beauty and charm events with dijets and a muon in the photoproduction regime at HERA are presented. The data were collected with the H1 detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 179 pb^{-1}. Events with dijets of transverse momentum P_T^{jet1} > 7 GeV and P_T^{jet2} > 6 GeV in the pseudorapidity range -1.5< η^{jet} < 2.5 in the laboratory frame are selected in the kinematic region of photon virtuality Q^2 < 2.5 GeV^2 and inelasticity 0.2 < y < 0.8. One of the two selected jets must be associated to a muon with P_T^μ > 2.5 GeV in the pseudorapidit…
Results on open charm and beauty production and on the search for top production in high-energy electron-proton collisions at HERA are reviewed. This includes a discussion of relevant theoretical aspects, a summary of the available measurements and measurement techniques, and their impact on improved understanding of QCD and its parameters, such as parton density functions and charm- and beauty-quark masses. The impact of these results on measurements at the LHC and elsewhere is also addressed.
The beauty hadron decays is unique laboratory to study charmonium and charmonium-like states, such as the $χ_{c1}(3872)$ meson, other exotic states and the tensor D-wave $ψ_2(3823$) states. However the nature of many exotic charmonium-like candidates are still unknown. The most recent LHCb results related to b-hadron decays to charmonium states and obtained using large data samples collected during the Run 1 and Run 2 periods are presented. This includes the most precise determination of the mass and width of the $χ_{c1}(3872)$ state using the $B^{+} \to J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}K^{+}$ decays, observation…
LHCb is a dedicated heavy flavour physics precision experiment at the LHC searching for New Physics (NP) beyond the Standard Model (SM) through the study of very rare decays of beauty and charm-flavoured hadrons and precision measurements of CP-violating observables. In this review I will present a selection of recent precision measurements of CP-violating observables in the decays of beauty and charm-flavoured hadrons. These measurements are based on an integrated luminosity of up to $1.0 \rm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by LHCb in 2011.
Charmed and beauty hadrons in matter are discussed within a unitarized coupled-channel model consistent with heavy-quark spin symmetry. We analyse the formation of D-mesic states as well as the propagation of charmed and beauty hadrons in heavy-ion collisions from LHC to FAIR energies.
All the available experimental information on open charm and beauty mesons is used to classify the observed states in heavy quark doublets. The masses of some of the still unobserved states are predicted, in particular in the beauty sector. Adopting an effective Lagrangian approach based on the heavy quark and chiral symmetry, individual decay rates and ratios of branching fractions are computed, with results useful to assign the quantum numbers to recently observed charmed states which still need to be properly classified. Implications and predictions for the corresponding beauty mesons are p…
The latest results on charm-tagged jets and open-charm production obtained with \mbox{ALICE} at the LHC are presented. The baryon-to-meson ratios for $\mathrm{Λ^+_c}$, $\mathrm{Σ^{0,+,++}_c}$ and $\mathrm{Ξ^{0,+}_c}$ measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\ \mathrm{TeV}$ are discussed. The measurements of the jet-momentum fraction carried by the $\mathrm{D^0}$ meson and $\mathrm{Λ^+_c}$ baryon in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\ \mathrm{TeV}$ are reported, and the number of leading-parton splittings $n_{SD}$ for $\mathrm{D^0}$-tagged and inclusive jets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\ \mathrm…
Tevatron Run II的第一阶段主要是低Pt物理。两个探测器及其触发器/DAQ系统都经过了很大程度的修改，以尽可能多地利用机器产生的大量魅力和美丽强子，改进了跟踪系统，磁场，基于在线轨道重建的特定触发器。由于这些改进，Tevatron实验与专用机器相比具有竞争力，不仅在轻子和强子衰变中更重的美丽状态，而且在魅力方面也是如此。
The LHCb collaboration has recently performed a first measurement of the angular production asymmetry in the distribution of beauty quarks and anti-quarks at a hadron collider. We calculate the corresponding standard model prediction for this asymmetry at fixed-order in perturbation theory. Our results show good agreement with the data, which is provided differentially for three bins in the invariant mass of the $b \bar b$ system. We also present similar predictions for both beauty-quark and charm-quark final states within the LHCb acceptance for a collision energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13 \, {\rm Te…
The decays $B^{0}_{s} \to Jψπ^{+}π^{-}K^{+}K^{-}$ are studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The decays $B^{0}_{s} \to JψK^{*0}\bar{K^{*0}}$ and $B^{0}_{s} \to χ_{c1}(3872)K^{+}K^{-}$, where the $K^{+}K^{-}$ pair does not originate from a $ϕ$ meson, are observed for the first time. Precise measurements of the ratios of branching fractions between intermediate $χ_{c1}(3872)ϕ$, $J/ψK^{*0}\bar{K^{*0}}$, $ψ(2S) ϕ$ and $χ_{c1}(3872)K^{+}K^{-}$ states…
Studies of beauty hadron and non-prompt charm hadron production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV within a transport model approach
School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)（中国地质大学（武汉）数学与统计学院）；Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University（华中师范大学夸克与轻子物理教育部重点实验室及粒子物理研究所）；Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University（复旦大学理论核物理上海研究中心）
We briefly review common features and overlapping issues in hadron and flavor physics focussing on continuum QCD approaches to heavy bound states, their mass spectrum and weak decay constants in different strong interaction models.
The ALICE Collaboration studies the production of J/psi meson in pp collisions at the center-of-mass energies of 2.76 and 7 TeV at mid- and forward-rapidity. Inclusive production cross-sections are presented as a function of the collision energy, rapidity and transverse-momentum. The J/psi polarization measurements in the helicity and Collins-Soper frames are discussed. A novel result on the correlation between the collision charged particle multiplicity and J/psi yield is also shown.
Rare flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) decays of top, beauty and charm quarks can provide a powerful probe for as yet unobserved particles. Recent results on FCNC $b \to s$, $c \to u$ and $t$ transitions from the LHC experiments are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the angular distribution of the $B^{0} \to K^{*0} μ^{+} μ^{-}$ decay, where a measurement performed by LHCb shows a local discrepancy of 3.7 standard deviations with respect to the SM prediction. Using the decay $B^{+} \to K^{+}π^{-}π^{+}γ$, LHCb have also been able to demonstrate the polarisation of photons produced …
A novel observable measuring the $C\!P$ asymmetry in multi-body decays of heavy mesons, which is called the forward-backward asymmetry induced $C\!P$ asymmetry (FBI-$C\!P$A), $A_{CP}^{FB}$, is introduced. This observable has the dual advantages that 1) it can isolate the $C\!P$ asymmetry associated with the interference of the $S$- and $P$-wave amplitude from that associated with the $S$- or $P$-wave amplitude alone; 2) it can effectively almost double the statistics comparing to the conventionally defined regional $C\!P$ asymmetry. We also suggest to perform the measurements of FBI-$C\!P$A in…
A selection of recent jet measurements are presented from the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, focusing on substructure results for inclusive and charmed jets. The groomed jet momentum fractions ($z_g$) of inclusive full jets are shown for various jet resolution parameters, and $z_g$, the groomed splitting radius ($θ_g$) as well as the number of soft drops ($n_{\rm SD}$) of inclusive and charmed charged-particle jets are compared. The first direct measurement of the dead cone in heavy-flavor jets is also presented. Furthermore, the parallel mom…
These proceedings summarize the LHCb measurements of charm- and beauty-hadron production in pPb collisions. The studies are made down to very low-\pt of the observed heavy-flavor hadrons using fully reconstructed decays. Nuclear matter effects are quantified via nuclear modification factors and forward-backward production ratios. A strong suppression is observed at positive rapidity (proton beam direction), while a modest or no suppression is seen for the backward rapidity (lead beam direction). The nuclear parton distributions of the lead nucleus is constrained down to Bjorken-$x\sim10^{-5}$,…
In this contribution, the latest results for measurements of charm baryons in proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ and $13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ are presented. The production yields of $Λ_\mathrm{c}^{+}$, $Ξ_\mathrm{c}^{0,+}$, $Ω_\mathrm{c}^{0}$, and $Σ_\mathrm{c}^{0,++}$ are shown along with their yield ratios to $\mathrm{D}^{0}$ mesons, and observations about charm hadronisation with respect to previous results from lepton colliders are discussed. Further differential measurements are shown of the $Λ_\mathrm{c}^{+}/\mathrm{D}^{0}$ yield ratio as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. …
Latest results on the heavy flavour production and spectroscopy at the LHC are reviewed. These include measurements of production rates of the charmed and beauty hadrons, and observations of new excited charmed and beauty hadrons and exotic states.
The hot and dense nuclear matter, that is produced in heavy-ion collisions, could be studied by jets originating from beauty quarks. In-medium energy loss of these quarks provides information on several properties of the quark-gluon plasma, produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Reconstructed jets are powerful tools, since they offer access to kinematics of these hard-scattered partons. Beauty hadrons are specific for their long lifetime, large mass and large-multiplicity decays. Due to the long lifetime beauty hadrons decay at displaced secondary vertices. In the ALICE experimen…
