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arXiv 1812.08086astro-ph.SR
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时间域光谱巡天:矮碳星的视向速度变化

The Time-Domain Spectroscopic Survey: Radial Velocity Variability in Dwarf Carbon Stars

Benjamin R. Roulston, Paul J. Green, John J. Ruan, Chelsea L. MacLeod, Scott F. Anderson, Carles Badenes, Joel R. Brownstein, Donald P. Schneider, Keivan G. Stassun

摘要:

矮碳星(英语:Dwarf carbon(dC)stars),即主序星,显示出碳分子带,最初被认为是一种矛盾修饰法,因为只有AGB星才将碳带入它们的大气层。质量转移从以前的AGB同伴,后来褪色到一个白矮星似乎是最可能的解释。事实上,一些类型的巨星已知显示异常丰度-特别是CH,Ba和CEMP-s星-已知具有高的双星频率。dC星可能是大多数(如果不是全部的话)这些系统的增强丰度祖先,但这需要证明dC的高二进制频率。在这里,对于SDSS-IV时域光谱测量重复光谱的240颗dC星样本,我们分析了径向速度变化以限制二进制频率和轨道属性。少数dC系统表现出较大的速度变化($>$ 100 km s $^{-1}$)。我们比较了直流电的控制样本具有类似的分布的幅度,颜色,自行和视差。使用MCMC方法,我们使用测量的$Δ$ RV分布来估计二进制分数和分离分布,假设单峰和双峰分布。我们发现dC星有一个增强的二元分数为95%,与它们的产品质量转移一致。这些模型的结果在小于1 AU的平均分离对应于1年的顺序周期。我们的研究结果支持的结论是,dC星形成的密近双星系统通过质量转移。

英文摘要:

Dwarf carbon (dC) stars, main sequence stars showing carbon molecular bands, were initially thought to be an oxymoron since only AGB stars dredge carbon into their atmospheres. Mass transfer from a former AGB companion that has since faded to a white dwarf seems the most likely explanation. Indeed, a few types of giants known to show anomalous abundances --- notably, the CH, Ba and CEMP-s stars --- are known to have a high binary frequency. The dC stars may be the enhanced-abundance progenitors of most, if not all, of these systems, but this requires demonstrating a high binary frequency for dCs. Here, for a sample of 240 dC stars targeted for repeat spectroscopy by the SDSS-IV's Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey, we analyze radial velocity variability to constrain the binary frequency and orbital properties. A handful of dC systems show large velocity variability ($>$100 km s$^{-1}$). We compare the dCs to a control sample with a similar distribution of magnitude, color, proper motion, and parallax. Using MCMC methods, we use the measured $Δ$RV distribution to estimate the binary fraction and the separation distribution assuming both a unimodal and bimodal distribution. We find the dC stars have an enhanced binary fraction of 95\%, consistent with them being products of mass transfer. These models result in mean separations of less than 1 AU corresponding to periods on the order of 1 year. Our results support the conclusion that dC stars form from close binary systems via mass transfer.

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