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arXiv 1811.03435cs.CYcs.LG
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数据科学作为政治行动:将数据科学置于正义政治中

Data Science as Political Action: Grounding Data Science in a Politics of Justice

University of Michigan(密歇根大学)

Ben Green

摘要:

为了应对公众对数据驱动算法的审查,数据科学领域采用了道德培训和原则。虽然道德可以帮助数据科学家反思其工作的某些规范方面,但这些努力并不足以产生避免社会危害和促进社会正义的数据科学。在这篇文章中,我认为数据科学必须接受政治导向。数据科学家必须认识到自己是参与社会规范建设的政治行为者,并根据其对人们生活的下游影响来评估他们的工作。我首先阐述为什么数据科学家必须认识到自己是政治行为者。在本节中,我将回应数据科学家在被挑战对其工作采取政治立场时经常引用的三个论点。在面对这些论点时,我描述了为什么试图保持非政治性本身就是一种政治立场--一种从根本上保守的立场--以及为什么数据科学促进“社会公益”的尝试危险地依赖于未阐明的渐进主义政治假设。然后,我提出了一个框架,说明数据科学如何朝着审慎和严格的社会正义政治发展。我将发展政治参与的数据科学的过程概念化为四个阶段。追求这些新方法将赋予数据科学家新的方法,以深思熟虑和严格地为社会正义做出贡献。

英文摘要:

In response to public scrutiny of data-driven algorithms, the field of data science has adopted ethics training and principles. Although ethics can help data scientists reflect on certain normative aspects of their work, such efforts are ill-equipped to generate a data science that avoids social harms and promotes social justice. In this article, I argue that data science must embrace a political orientation. Data scientists must recognize themselves as political actors engaged in normative constructions of society and evaluate their work according to its downstream impacts on people's lives. I first articulate why data scientists must recognize themselves as political actors. In this section, I respond to three arguments that data scientists commonly invoke when challenged to take political positions regarding their work. In confronting these arguments, I describe why attempting to remain apolitical is itself a political stance--a fundamentally conservative one--and why data science's attempts to promote "social good" dangerously rely on unarticulated and incrementalist political assumptions. I then propose a framework for how data science can evolve toward a deliberative and rigorous politics of social justice. I conceptualize the process of developing a politically engaged data science as a sequence of four stages. Pursuing these new approaches will empower data scientists with new methods for thoughtfully and rigorously contributing to social justice.

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