非平衡态系统的魔鬼
Non-equilibrium System as a Demon
摘要：
麦克斯韦恶魔是一种被认为能够减少系统熵而不对系统做功的生物。通常，这种麦克斯韦恶魔的复杂行为包括测量单个粒子并随后进行反馈。在这里，我们展示了更简单的设置仍然可以作为恶魔：我们证明了利用非平衡分布似乎打破热力学第二定律是足够的。我们提出了一个电子和光学实现这种现象，实现与当前的技术。
英文摘要：
Maxwell demons are creatures that are imagined to be able to reduce the entropy of a system without performing any work on it. Conventionally, such a Maxwell demon's intricate action consists of measuring individual particles and subsequently performing feedback. Here we show that much simpler setups can still act as demons: we demonstrate that it is sufficient to exploit a non-equilibrium distribution to seemingly break the second law of thermodynamics. We propose both an electronic and an optical implementation of this phenomenon, realizable with current technology.
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