山猫任务概念研究中期报告

摘要：

Lynx是下一代天文台，它将为不可见的宇宙提供前所未有的X射线视野，以了解宇宙的起源和物理学。Lynx将看到黑洞的曙光，揭示是什么驱动星系形成和演化，并揭开恒星演化和恒星生态系统的充满活力的一面。Lynx科学有效载荷将使NASA现有旗舰Chandra和ESA计划中的Athena任务的能力实现根本性的进步和飞跃：通过将卓越的角分辨率与高吞吐量相结合，灵敏度提高100倍;亚弧秒成像的视场（FOV）扩大16倍;点状和扩展源的光谱分辨率提高10-20倍。Lynx设计参考任务旨在满足未来的科学目标，同时在适当的情况下利用数十年的经验，特别是从有效的，经过飞行验证的方法，设计选择以及为Chandra开发的任务操作软件和程序。虽然本报告中为Lynx概述的科学计划已经非常广泛，但天文台的设计将有足够的资源来执行许多其他计划，即使是那些今天没有预料到的计划。事实上，所有天文学家都可以将Lynx用于他们自己的特定科学。

英文摘要：

Lynx is the next-generation observatory which will provide unprecedented X-ray vision into the otherwise invisible Universe to gain understanding of origins and physics of the cosmos. Lynx will see the dawn of black holes, reveal what drives galaxy formation and evolution, and unveil the energetic side of stellar evolution and stellar ecosystems. Lynx science payload will enables radical advances and leaps in capability over NASA's existing flagship Chandra and the ESA's planned Athena mission: 100-fold increase in sensitivity via coupling superb angular resolution with high throughput; 16 times larger field of view (FOV) for sub-arcsecond imaging; and 10-20 times higher spectral resolution for both point-like and extended sources. The Lynx Design Reference Mission has been designed to meet the science objectives of the future while capitalizing where appropriate on decades of experience, and especially from efficient, flight-proven approaches, design choices, and mission operations software and procedures developed for Chandra. While the science program outlined for Lynx in this report is already very broad, the observatory is designed such that there will be ample resources to execute many other programs, even those not anticipated today. Virtually all astronomers will be able to use Lynx for their own particular science.

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