We prove that for any infinite right-angled Coxeter or Artin group, its spherical and geodesic growth rates (with respect to the standard generating set) either take values in the set of Perron numbers, or equal $1$. Also, we compute the average number of geodesics representing an element of given word length in such groups.
We show that the Aut-invariant word norm on right angled Artin and right angled Coxeter groups is unbounded (except in few special cases). To prove unboundedness we exhibit certain characteristic subgroups. This allows us to find unbounded quasimorphisms which are Lipschitz with respect to the Aut-invariant word norm.
We establish quasi-isometric rigidity for a class of right-angled Coxeter groups. Let $Γ_1,Γ_2$ be joins of finite generalized thick $m$-gons with $m\geq 3$. We show that the corresponding right-angled Coxeter groups are quasi-isometric if and only if $Γ_1,Γ_2$ are isomorphic. We also give a construction of commensurable right-angled Coxeter groups.
We study Morse subgroups and Morse boundaries of random right-angled Coxeter groups in the Erdős--Rényi model. We show that at densities below $\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}-ε\right)\sqrt{\frac{\log{n}}{n}}$ random right-angled Coxeter groups almost surely have Morse hyperbolic surface subgroups. This implies their Morse boundaries contain embedded circles and they cannot be quasi-isometric to a right-angled Artin group. Further, at densities above $\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}+ε\right)\sqrt{\frac{\log{n}}{n}}$ we show that, almost surely, the hyperbolic Morse special subgroups of a random right-angled…
In this article, we study the manifold structure and the relatively hyperbolic structure of right-angled Coxeter groups with planar nerves. We then apply our results to the quasi-isometry problem for this class of right-angled Coxeter groups.
We investigate the planarity of the boundaries of right-angled Coxeter groups. We show that non-planarity of the defining graph does not necessarily imply non-planarity of every boundary of the associated right-angled Coxeter group, although it does in many cases. Our techniques yield a characterization of the triangle-free defining graphs such that the associated right-angled Coxeter group has boundary a Menger curve.
We show that the Morse boundary of a right-angled Coxeter group may contain embedded circles that do not arise as the boundary of a Morse Fuchsian subgroup visible in the defining graph.
This is a survey of some aspects of the large-scale geometry of right-angled Coxeter groups. The emphasis is on recent results on their negative curvature properties, boundaries, and their quasi-isometry and commensurability classification.
We determine the factorial growth rate of the number of finite index subgroups of right-angled Artin groups as a function of the index. This turns out to depend solely on the independence number of the defining graph. We also make a conjecture for right-angled Coxeter groups and prove that it holds in a limited setting.
In this paper we study the right-angled Coxeter groups that acts geometrically on the Salvetti complex of a certain right-angled Artin group, which we refer to as Croke-Kleiner spaces. We prove that any right-angled Coxeter group that acts geometrically on the Croke-Kleiner spaces acts with $π/2$ angles between reflecting axes, while the quasi-isometric right-angled Artin group can act with angles that are any real number in the range $(0, π/2]$. The contrast between the two examples shows that in this case a right-angled Coxeter group is geometrically more "rigid" than its quasi isometric cou…
We introduce a new quasi-isometry invariant of 2-dimensional right-angled Coxeter groups, the hypergraph index, that partitions these groups into infinitely many quasi-isometry classes, each containing infinitely many groups. Furthermore, the hypergraph index of any right-angled Coxeter group can be directly computed from the group's defining graph. The hypergraph index yields an upper bound for a right-angled Coxeter group's order of thickness, order of algebraic thickness and divergence function. Finally, given an integer n>1, we give examples of right-angled Coxeter groups which are thick o…
We define a large class of abstract Coxeter groups, that we call $\infty$--spanned, and for which the word growth rate and the geodesic growth rate appear to be Perron numbers. This class contains a fair amount of Coxeter groups acting on hyperbolic spaces, thus corroborating a conjecture by Kellerhals and Perren. We also show that for this class the geodesic growth rate strictly dominates the word growth rate.
We show that certain right-angled Coxeter groups have finite index subgroups that quotient to $\mathbb Z$ with finitely generated kernels. The proof uses Bestvina-Brady Morse theory facilitated by combinatorial arguments. We describe a variety of examples where the plan succeeds or fails. Among the successful examples are the right-angled reflection groups in $\mathbb H^4$ with fundamental domain the $120$-cell or the $24$-cell.
We construct and study polyhedral product models for classifying spaces of right-angled Artin and Coxeter groups, general graph product groups and their commutator subgroups. By way of application, we give a criterion of freeness for the commutator subgroup of a graph product group, and provide an explicit minimal set of generators for the commutator subgroup of a right-angled Coxeter group.
In this paper, we prove that all finitely generated malnormal subgroups of one-ended right-angled Coxeter groups are strongly quasiconvex and they are in particular quasiconvex when the ambient groups are hyperbolic. The key idea is to prove all infinite proper malnormal subgroups of one-ended right-angled Coxeter groups are join-free and then prove the strong quasiconvexity and the virtual freeness of these subgroups. We also study the subgroup divergence of join-free subgroups in right-angled Coxeter groups and compare them with the analogous subgroups in right-angled Artin groups. We charac…
The lower central series of the rgiht-angled Coxeter group $RC_\mathcal K$ and the corresponding graded Lie algebra $L(RC_\mathcal K)$ associated with the lower central series of a right-angled Coxeter group are studied. Relations are obtained in the graded components of the Lie algebra $L(RC_\mathcal K)$. A basis of the fourth graded component $L(RC_\mathcal K)$ for groups with at most $4$ generators was described.
We study the lower central series of a right-angled Coxeter group $RC_K$ and the associated Lie algebra $L(RC_K)$. The latter is related to the graph Lie algebra $L_K$. We give an explicit combinatorial description of the first three consecutive factors of the lower central series of the group $RC_K$.
Using a variant of an unpublished argument due to Agol, we show that an irreducible right-angled Coxeter group on ${n \geq 3}$ vertices embeds as a thin subgroup of a uniform arithmetic lattice in an indefinite orthogonal group $\mathrm{O}(p, q)$ for some $p, q \geq 1$ satisfying $p+q=n$.
We provide geometric conditions on a pair of hyperplanes of a CAT(0) cube complex that imply divergence bounds for the cube complex. As an application, we classify all right-angled Coxeter groups with quadratic divergence and show right-angled Coxeter groups cannot exhibit a divergence function between quadratic and cubic. This generalizes a theorem of Dani-Thomas that addressed the class of 2-dimensional right-angled Coxeter groups. As another application, we provide an inductive graph theoretic criteria on a right-angled Coxeter group's defining graph which allows us to recognize arbitrary i…
Let $Γ$ be a connected, triangle-free, planar graph with at least five vertices that has no separating vertices or edges. If the graph $Γ$ is $\mathcal{CFS}$, we prove that the right-angled Coxeter group $G_Γ$ is virtually a Seifert manifold group or virtually a graph manifold group and we give a complete quasi-isometry classification of these such groups. Otherwise, we prove that $G_Γ$ is hyperbolic relative to a collection of $\mathcal{CFS}$ right-angled Coxeter subgroups of $G_Γ$. Consequently, the divergence of $G_Γ$ is linear, or quadratic, or exponential. We also generalize right-angled …
In this paper we exhibit two infinite families of trees $\{T^1_n\}_{n \geq 17}$ and $\{T^2_n\}_{n \geq 17}$ on $n$ vertices, such that $T^1_n$ and $T^2_n$ are non-isomorphic, co-spectral, and the right-angled Coxeter groups (RACGs) based on $T^1_n$ and $T^2_n$ have the same geodesic growth with respect to the standard generating set. We then show that the spectrum of a tree does is not sufficient to determine the geodesic growth of the RACG based on that tree, by providing two infinite families of trees $\{S^1_n\}_{n \geq 11}$ and $\{S^2_n\}_{n \geq 11}$, on $n$ vertices, such that $S^1_n$ and…
We give a criterion of the existence of a presentation with a single relation for the commutator subgroup $RC_{\mathscr{K}}'$ of a right-angled Coxeter group $RC_{\mathscr{K}}$. Namely, we prove that $RC_{\mathscr{K}}'$ is a one-relator group if and only if $\mathscr{K}$ is either a $p$-cycle with $p\geqslant4$ or has the form ($p$-cycle)$*Δ^q$ with $p\geqslant4$ and $g\geqslant0$, where $Δ^q$ is a $q$-simplex.
Much is known about random right-angled Coxeter groups (i.e., right-angled Coxeter groups whose defining graphs are random graphs under the Erdös-Rényi model). In this paper, we extend this model to study random general Coxeter groups and give some results about random Coxeter groups, including some information about the homology of the nerve of a random Coxeter group and results about when random Coxeter groups are $δ$-hyperbolic and when they have the FC-type property.
In the spirit of peripheral subgroups in relatively hyperbolic groups, we exhibit a simple class of quasi-isometrically rigid subgroups in graph products of finite groups, which we call eccentric subgroups. As an application, we prove that, if two right-angled Coxeter groups $C(Γ_1)$ and $C(Γ_2)$ are quasi-isometric, then for any minsquare subgraph $Λ_1 \leq Γ_1$ there exists a minsquare subgraph $Λ_2 \leq Γ_2$ such that the right-angled Coxeter groups $C(Λ_1)$ and $C(Λ_2)$ are quasi-isometric as well. Various examples of non-quasi-isometric groups are deduced. Our arguments are based on a stu…
We give explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the abstract commensurability of certain families of 1-ended, hyperbolic groups, namely right-angled Coxeter groups defined by generalized theta-graphs and cycles of generalized theta-graphs, and geometric amalgams of free groups whose JSJ graphs are trees of diameter at most 4. We also show that if a geometric amalgam of free groups has JSJ graph a tree, then it is commensurable to a right-angled Coxeter group, and give an example of a geometric amalgam of free groups which is not quasi-isometric (hence not commensurable) to any group w…
We completely classify the possible divergence functions for right-angled Coxeter groups (RACGs). In particular, we show that the divergence of any such group is either polynomial, exponential or infinite. We prove that a RACG is strongly thick of order k if and only if its divergence function is a polynomial of degree k+1. Moreover, we show that the exact divergence function of a RACG can easily be computed from its defining graph by an invariant we call the hypergraph index.
This paper introduces a new class of right-angled Coxeter groups with totally disconnected Morse boundaries. We construct this class recursively by examining how the Morse boundary of a right-angled Coxeter group changes if we glue a graph to its defining graph. More generally, we present a method to construct amalgamated free products of CAT(0) groups with totally disconnected Morse boundaries that act geometrically on CAT(0) spaces that have a treelike block decomposition.
To a Coxeter group $W$ one associates a quandle $X_W$ from which one constructs a group $\mathrm{Ad}(X_W)$. This group turns out to be an intermediate object between $W$ and the associated Artin group. By using a result of Akita, we prove that $\mathrm{Ad}(X_W)$ is given by a pullback involving $W$, and by using this pullback, we show that the classifying space of $\mathrm{Ad}(X_W)$ is given by a space called a polyhedral product whenever $W$ is right-angled. Two applications of this description of the classifying space are given.
In this article, given two finite simplicial graphs $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$, we state and prove a complete description of the possible morphisms $C(Γ_1) \to C(Γ_2)$ between the right-angled Coxeter groups $C(Γ_1)$ and $C(Γ_2)$. As an application, assuming that $Γ_2$ is triangle-free, we show that, if $C(Γ_1)$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $C(Γ_2)$, then the ball of radius $8|Γ_1||Γ_2|$ in $C(Γ_2)$ contains the basis of a subgroup isomorphic to $C(Γ_1)$. This provides an algorithm determining whether or not, among two given two-dimensional right-angled Coxeter groups, one is isomorphic to a subgroup o…
We generalise the notion of a separating intersection of links (SIL) to give necessary and sufficient criteria on the defining graph $Γ$ of a right-angled Coxeter group $W_Γ$ so that its outer automorphism group is large: that is, it contains a finite index subgroup that admits the free group $F_2$ as a quotient. When $Out(W_Γ)$ is not large, we show it is virtually abelian. We also show that the same dichotomy holds for the outer automorphism groups of graph products of finite abelian groups. As a consequence, these groups have property (T) if and only if they are finite, or equivalently $Γ$ …
We associate cube complexes called completions to each subgroup of a right-angled Coxeter group (RACG). A completion characterizes many properties of the subgroup such as whether it is quasiconvex, normal, finite-index or torsion-free. We use completions to show that reflection subgroups are quasiconvex, as are one-ended Coxeter subgroups of a 2-dimensional RACG. We provide an algorithm that determines whether a given one-ended, 2-dimensional RACG is isomorphic to some finite-index subgroup of another given RACG. In addition, we answer several algorithmic questions regarding quasiconvex subgro…
Let $W$ be a right-angled Coxeter group corresponding to a finite non-discrete graph $\mathcal{G}$ with at least $3$ vertices. Our main theorem says that $\mathcal{G}^c$ is connected if and only if for any infinite index quasiconvex subgroup $H$ of $W$ and any finite subset $\{ γ_1, \ldots , γ_n \} \subset W \setminus H$ there is a surjection $f$ from $W$ to a finite alternating group such that $f (γ_i) \notin f (H)$. A corollary is that a right-angled Artin group splits as a direct product of cyclic groups and groups with many alternating quotients in the above sense. Similarly, finitely gene…