网络约束下热电联产系统的灵活机组组合
Flexible unit commitment of a network-constrained combined heat and power system
摘要：
在欧洲、后苏联国家和中国，大型热电联产（CHP）厂经常被用于向区域供热网供电。传统上，它们在热负荷后运行，电能被视为副产品，而现代趋势将它们纳入电力市场，以利用它们可以提供的灵活性。这意味着在满足热负荷要求的同时，必须考虑对电网的影响。详细介绍了一种求解网络约束下日前运行的热电联产机组组合问题的混合规划线性规划（MILP）最优化模型。所开发的模型帐户的无损耗直流网络近似的电力流的限制，以及一个详细的表征的热电联产单元与有用的效果，热和功率，一个和两个自变量（“自由度”）的功能，和热能存储。的热电联产测试系统与多个加热区的概述模型的计算验证的计算测试用例的形式。测试案例说明了能量存储、网络约束和多系统联合运行对实施灵活性的影响。所进行的研究强调了对多能源系统进行全面综合分析的重要性，以利用热电联产机组提供的操作灵活性。热电系统的联合运行可以获得经济、运行效率和环境效益。所开发的模型可以很容易地扩展到包括不同的多能源系统和技术，以及更复杂的能源传输网络的表示，以及依赖于一个或多个独立的，与天气相关的，变量的可再生能源的建模。
英文摘要：
Large Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants are often employed in order to feed district heating networks, in Europe, in post soviet countries and China. Traditionally they have been operated following the thermal load with the electric energy considered as a by-product, while the modern trend includes them in the electric market to take advantage of the flexibility they could provide. This implies the necessity to consider the impact on the electric grid while filling the thermal load requests. A detailed Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization model for the solution of the network-constrained CHP unit commitment of the day-ahead operation is introduced. The developed model accounts for lossless DC network approximation of the electric power flow constraints, as well as a detailed characterization of the CHP units with useful effect, heat and power, function of one and two independent variables ("degrees-of-freedom"), and thermal energy storage. A computational validation of the outlined model on a CHP test system with multiple heating zones is presented in the form of computational test cases. The test cases illustrate the impact on the flexibility of the implementation of the energy storage, network constraints and joint multi-system operation. The conducted studies have highlighted the importance of a comprehensive and integrated analysis of multi-energy systems to exploit the operational flexibility provided by the cogeneration units. The joint operation of the thermal and electric system allows to reap economic, operational efficiency, and environmental benefits. The developed model can be easily extended to include diverse multi-energy systems and technologies, as well as more complex representations of the energy transmission networks, and the modeling of renewable energy resources dependent of one or more independent, weather-related, variables.
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