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arXiv 1809.09101astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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辐射湍流混合层的数值模拟

Simulations of radiative turbulent mixing layers

Suoqing Ji, S. Peng Oh, Phillip Masterson

摘要:

辐射湍流混合层在有剪切流动的多相气体中普遍存在。它们是一个潜在的有吸引力的解释高离子,如OVI看到的高速云和环星系介质(CGM)的星系。我们进行3D MHD模拟与非平衡(NEI)和光电离建模,着眼于测试简单的分析模型。即使是纯流体动力学碰撞电离平衡(CIE)计算的柱密度也比观测值低得多。特征入流速度和湍流速度远小于剪切速度,层宽为$h \propto t_\mathrm{cool}^{1/2}$而不是$h \propto t_\mathrm{cool}$。柱密度不是独立的密度或金属的分析比例预测,并显示出令人惊讶的弱依赖于剪切速度和密度对比度。辐射冷却,而不是开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性,似乎在确定饱和状态至关重要。由于快速冷却而产生的低压既产生湍流,又设定热气体的卷吸率,热气体的焓通量与湍流耗散一起为层提供能量。无论初始几何形状如何,磁场都被放大并通过磁张力稳定混合层,产生几乎层流并降低柱密度。NEI效应可以将列密度提高几倍。通过NEI或光电离抑制冷却原则上也可以增加OVI柱密度,但实际上对于CGM条件并不重要。为了解释观测结果,视线必须穿透数百或数千个混合层,如果CGM以微小云团的“雾”形式存在,这可能是合理的。

英文摘要:

Radiative turbulent mixing layers should be ubiquitous in multi-phase gas with shear flow. They are a potentially attractive explanation for the high ions such as OVI seen in high velocity clouds and the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies. We perform 3D MHD simulations with non-equilibrium (NEI) and photoionization modeling, with an eye towards testing simple analytic models. Even purely hydrodynamic collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) calculations have column densities much lower than observations. Characteristic inflow and turbulent velocities are much less than the shear velocity, and the layer width $h \propto t_\mathrm{cool}^{1/2}$ rather than $h \propto t_\mathrm{cool}$. Column densities are not independent of density or metallicity as analytic scalings predict, and show surprisingly weak dependence on shear velocity and density contrast. Radiative cooling, rather than Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, appears paramount in determining the saturated state. Low pressure due to fast cooling both seeds turbulence and sets the entrainment rate of hot gas, whose enthalpy flux, along with turbulent dissipation, energizes the layer. Regardless of initial geometry, magnetic fields are amplified and stabilize the mixing layer via magnetic tension, producing almost laminar flow and depressing column densities. NEI effects can boost column densities by factors of a few. Suppression of cooling by NEI or photoionization can in principle also increase OVI column densities, but in practice is unimportant for CGM conditions. To explain observations, sightlines must pierce hundreds or thousands of mixing layers, which may be plausible if the CGM exists as a `fog' of tiny cloudlets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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