利用非精确电场产生电子涡旋
Generation of electron vortices using non-exact electric fields
摘要：
电子束中的涡旋可以表现出几种拓扑现象，例如奇异结构的形成或与拓扑结构的电磁场的相互作用。例如，电子束的波函数可以在通过磁介质传播时获得相位涡旋，这在实践中为产生电子涡旋束提供了方便的方法。在这里，我们将展示如何构造电场，以实现类似的效果。我们发现，与磁场情况一样，闭合但不精确的电场也能产生电子涡旋束。我们继续制造一个多功能的近无障碍设备，旨在近似产生这样的领域，我们系统地研究它们对入射电子束的影响。利用这样的单个器件，可以通过施加电压的微小变化来产生由宽范围的拓扑电荷限定的电子涡旋束。出于这个原因，该设备预计将是重要的应用程序，依赖于顺序生成和操纵不同类型的电子涡旋。
英文摘要：
Vortices in electron beams can manifest several types of topological phenomena, such as the formation of exotic structures or interactions with topologically structured electromagnetic fields. For instance, the wavefunction of an electron beam can acquire a phase vortex upon propagating through a magnetic monopole, which, in practice, provides a convenient method for generating electron vortex beams. Here, we show how an electric field must be structured in order to achieve a similar effect. We find that, much as in the case of magnetic fields, closed but not exact electric fields can produce electron vortex beams. We proceed by fabricating a versatile near-obstruction-free device that is designed to approximately produce such fields and we systematically study their influence on incoming electron beams. With such a single device, electron vortex beams that are defined by a wide range of topological charges can be produced by means of a slight variation of an applied voltage. For this reason, this device is expected to be important in applications that rely on the sequential generation and manipulation of different types of electron vortices.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
