非均匀氮化铟镓肖特基势垒薄膜太阳电池的优化
Optimization of nonhomogeneous indium-gallium-nitride Schottky-barrier thin-film solar cells
摘要：
建立了一个二维模型来模拟InGaN薄膜肖特基势垒太阳电池的光电特性。太阳能电池包括一个窗口，设计用于减少入射光的反射，肖特基势垒和欧姆前电极，n掺杂InGaN晶片，和金属周期性波纹背反射器（PCBR）。晶片中铟与镓的比率在太阳能电池的吸收层的整个厚度上周期性地变化。因此，所得到的InGaN晶片的光学和电学性质周期性地变化。这种材料的不均匀性可以通过在沉积期间改变铟和镓的分数组成来物理地实现。氮化铟和氮化镓的经验模型相结合，使用Vegard定律，以确定合金的光学和电学本构特性。InGaN的电特性的不均匀性有助于激发的电子-空穴对的分离，而光学特性的周期性和背反射器使入射光能够耦合到多个导波模式。使用严格耦合波方法计算了当太阳能电池被AM 1.5G光谱照射时所得电荷载流子产生速率的分布。使用COMSOL求解稳态漂移扩散方程，COMSOL采用有限体积法，以计算作为电压的函数的电流密度。中带Shockley-Read-Hall、Auger和辐射复合率被认为是主要的复合方法。该模型被用来研究的太阳能电池的几何形状和周期性材料的非均匀性对效率的影响。采用差分进化算法对太阳能电池效率进行优化。
英文摘要：
A two-dimensional model was developed to simulate the optoelectronic characteristics of indium-gallium-nitride (InGaN), thin-film, Schottky-barrier solar cells. The solar cells comprise a window, designed to reduce the reflection of incident light, Schottky-barrier and ohmic front electrodes, an n-doped InGaN wafer, and a metallic periodically corrugated back-reflector (PCBR). The ratio of indium to gallium in the wafer varies periodically throughout the thickness of the absorbing layer of the solar cell. Thus, the resulting InGaN wafer's optical and electrical properties are made to vary periodically. This material nonhomogeneity could be physically achieved by varying the fractional composition of indium and gallium during deposition. Empirical models for indium nitride and gallium nitride were combined using Vegard's law to determine the optical and electrical constitutive properties of the alloy. The nonhomogeneity of the electrical properties of the InGaN aids in the separation of the excited electron-hole pairs, while the periodicities of optical properties and the back-reflector enable the incident light to couple to multiple guided wave modes. The profile of the resulting charge-carrier-generation rate when the solar cell is illuminated by the AM1.5G spectrum was calculated using the rigorous coupled-wave approach. The steady-state drift-diffusion equations were solved using COMSOL, which employs finite-volume methods, to calculate the current density as a function of the voltage. Mid-band Shockley-Read-Hall, Auger, and radiative recombination rates were taken to be the dominant methods of recombination. The model was used to study the effects of the solar-cell geometry and the shape of the periodic material nonhomogeneity on efficiency. The solar-cell efficiency was optimized using the differential evolution algorithm.
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