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arXiv 1809.05433astro-ph.GA
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类星体的气体环境:将吸收线与密度和距离约束联系起来

The Gaseous Environments of Quasars: Associate Absorption Lines with Density and Distance Constraints

Chen Chen, Fred Hamann, Leah Simon, Thomas Barlow

摘要:

类星体光谱中的伴随吸收线(AALs)是研究类星体环境中气体运动学和物理条件的重要探针。根据定义,宿主星系处于活跃的演化阶段,可能涉及来自星系际介质(IGM)的大规模爆发和/或冷模吸积(下落)。我们讨论了四个红移2-3类星体的休息帧紫外光谱选择有低电离AAL的硅或CII的地方独特的密度和距离的限制吸收。我们对AAL的分析产生了以下结果。其中一个类星体Q 0119 $-$ 046拥有11个AAL系统的丰富复合体,它们似乎正在以从$\sim$ 0到$\sim$ 1150 km s $^{-1}$的测量速度坠落,距离类星体$\sim$ 5.7 kpc。检测到的离子范围(高达NeVIII)表明密度范围很广,从$\sim$ 4到$\sim$ 2500 cm $^{-3}$。部分覆盖类星体发射源需要云的大小为$<$ 1 pc,可能为$<$ 0.01 pc。这些小云团的消散时间很短,这表明它们是在观测到的位置原位产生的,也许是IGM冷模吸积气体中的致密凝聚。在其他三个类星体的AAL的流出速度从$\sim$ 1900到$\sim$ 3000 km s $^{-1}$。其中一些似乎也具有基于检测到的离子范围的密度范围,包括Q 0105 +061中的MgI $λ$ 2853。然而,激发态AAL的缺乏只产生了它们的气体密度上限($\lesssim150$ cm $^{-3}$)和距离类星体的最小距离($\gtrsim$ 40 kpc)。这些AAL可能代表了类星体驱动的高度扩展的外流,尽管它们与类星体的实际物理关系无法建立。

英文摘要:

Associated absorption lines (AALs) in quasar spectra are valuable probes of the gas kinematics and physical conditions in quasar environments. The host galaxies are by definition in an active evolution stage that might involve large-scale blowouts and/or cold-mode accretion (infall) from the intergalactic medium (IGM). We discuss rest-frame UV spectra of four redshift 2-3 quasars selected to have low-ionisation AALs of SiII or CII that place unique density and distance constraints on the absorbers. Our analysis of the AALs yields the following results. One of the quasars, Q0119$-$046, has a rich complex of 11 AAL systems that appear to be infalling at measured speeds from $\sim$0 to $\sim$1150 km s$^{-1}$ at distance $\sim$5.7 kpc from the quasar. The range of ions detected, up to NeVIII, indicates a wide range of densities from $\sim$4 to $\sim$2500 cm$^{-3}$. Partial covering the quasar emission source requires cloud sizes $<$1 pc and possibly $<$0.01 pc. The short dissipation times of these small clouds suggests that they are created in situ at their observed location, perhaps as dense condensations in cold-mode accreting gas from IGM. The AALs in the other three quasars have outflow speeds from $\sim$1900 to $\sim$3000 km s$^{-1}$. Some of them also appear to have a range of densities based on the range of ions detected, including MgI $λ$2853 in Q0105+061. However, the absence of excited-state AALs yields only upper limits on their gas densities ($\lesssim150$ cm$^{-3}$) and large minimum distances ($\gtrsim$40 kpc) from the quasars. These AALs might represent highly extended quasar-driven outflows, although their actual physical relationships to the quasars cannot be established.

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