北极 spur：来自银河系中心约3-5 kpc处恒星形成区的气体羽流？
North Polar Spur: gaseous plume(s) from star-forming regions at $\sim$3-5 kpc from Galactic Center?
AI总结：
该研究提出北极spur（NPS）及相关结构由银河系中心3-5 kpc环切线处恒星形成区（SFRs）的富金属气体羽流形成，其弯曲形态源于羽流与环境气体角速度差异，临时轨迹模型与观测形态相似。
摘要：
我们认为北极spur（NPS）和许多不太显著的结构由与恒星形成区（SFRs）相关的富金属气体羽流形成。位于3-5 kpc环切线处的SFRs可能与NPS特别相关。气体成分和宇宙射线的多温度混合物在初始动量和浮力作用下从银盘上升。最终，羽流速度与环境气体速度相等，而环境气体的角速度与盘中恒星不同。因此，羽流呈现出特征性的弯曲形状。一个临时的羽流轨迹模型显示出与射电连续谱和X射线中观测到的结构形态有趣的相似性。
英文摘要：
We argue that the North Polar Spur (NPS) and many less prominent structures are formed by gaseous metal-rich plumes associated with star-forming regions (SFRs). The SFRs located at the tangent to the 3-5~kpc rings might be particularly relevant to NPS. A multi-temperature mixture of gaseous components and cosmic rays rises above the Galactic disk under the action of their initial momentum and buoyancy. Eventually, the plume velocity becomes equal to that of the ambient gas, which rotates with different angular speed than the stars in the disk. As a result, the plumes acquire characteristic bent shapes. An ad hoc model of plumes' trajectories shows an interesting resemblance to the morphology of structures seen in the radio continuum and X-rays.
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