城市旅游空间的数字化构建--以柏林两个街区的Airbnb房源为例
Constructing Urban Tourism Space Digitally: A Study of Airbnb Listings in Two Berlin Neighborhoods
摘要：
在过去的十年里，Airbnb已经成为出租单间或整套公寓的最受欢迎的平台。Airbnb房源对当地社区的影响在世界各地的许多城市都引起了争议。该平台的广泛采用导致了城市生活的变化，特别是城市旅游。我们认为，城市旅游空间不能再被理解为一个固定的空间实体。相反，我们遵循建构主义的方法，认为城市旅游空间是在Airbnb等在线平台上以数字化和协作方式（重新）生产的。我们将我们的工作与CSCW研究方向相关联，该研究方向关注数字技术在城市空间的生产和占用中的作用，并使用表征的概念作为我们实证研究的理论透镜。在这项研究中，我们定性分析了柏林的两个社区Kreuzkölln和City West是如何由Airbnb房东在他们的房源描述中数字化构建的。此外，我们还定量调查了Airbnb房东和柏林旅游局（visitBerlin）的目的地管理组织（DMO）之间的差异。在我们的定性分析中，我们发现房东主要关注公寓附近的设施和地方。在传统的城市旅游热点城市西部，主持人提到的许多地方也被DMO提到。相比之下，在Kreuzkölln附近，主人们将公园或移民食品市场等日常场所重新定义为该地区必须看到的地方。我们将讨论Airbnb房东如何为城市社区的话语生产做出贡献，从而共同生产它们作为旅游目的地。随着Airbnb等在线平台的出现，旅游空间建设中的权力关系可能会从旅游目的地管理组织转向当地居民，他们现在正在合作生产旅游空间。
英文摘要：
Over the past decade, Airbnb has emerged as the most popular platform for renting out single rooms or whole apartments. The impact of Airbnb listings on local neighborhoods has been controversially discussed in many cities around the world. The platform's widespread adoption led to changes in urban life, and in particular urban tourism. We argue that urban tourism space can no longer be understood as a fixed, spatial entity. Instead, we follow a constructionist approach and argue that urban tourism space is (re-)produced digitally and collaboratively on online platforms such as Airbnb. We relate our work to a CSCW research direction that is concerned with the role of digital technologies in the production and appropriation of urban space and use the concept of representations as a theoretical lens for our empirical study. In that study, we qualitatively analyzed how the two Berlin neighborhoods Kreuzkölln and City West are digitally constructed by Airbnb hosts in their listing descriptions. Moreover, we quantitatively investigated to what extend mentioned places differ between Airbnb hosts and visitBerlin, the city's destination management organization (DMO). In our qualitative analysis, we found that hosts primarily focus on facilities and places in close proximity to their apartment. In the traditional urban tourism hotspot City West, hosts referred to many places also mentioned by the DMO. In the neighborhood of Kreuzkölln, in contrast, hosts reframed everyday places such as parks or an immigrant food market as the must sees in the area. We discuss how Airbnb hosts contribute to the discursive production of urban neighborhoods and thus co-produce them as tourist destinations. With the emergence of online platforms such as Airbnb, power relations in the construction of tourism space might shift from DMOs towards local residents who are now producing tourism space collaboratively.
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