海洋风浪气候对冬季北大西洋大气瞬变涡旋和低频气流的响应
Ocean Wind Wave Climate Responses to Wintertime North Atlantic Atmospheric Transient Eddies and Low Frequency Flow
摘要：
研究了1980 - 2016年北大西洋冬季大气瞬变涡旋和低频流对海洋表面波气候的贡献。我们进行了一组数值模拟与一个国家的最先进的谱波模式Wavewatch III强迫分解风场来自ERA-Interim再分析（0.7°水平分辨率）。天气尺度过程（2-10天的带通风）被认为对沿北美和格陵兰岛西部海岸的中纬度北大西洋西部的风浪的形成有最大的影响。北大西洋东部被认为是由低频强迫（>10天带通风）的组合贡献高达60%，天气过程贡献高达30%的平均波高的影响。中纬度风暴路径的变化被发现有一个直接的关系，波高变化的东部和西部边缘的北大西洋，特别是意味着在北美东海岸的气旋形成和波高异常之间的关联。利用波浪分析定义的波高状态的变化反映在其分布的出现异常中。结果突出的主导作用，在中纬度北大西洋东部的海洋表面波气候学的瞬变涡旋本地和通过关联与气旋形成在西部的盆地。这些结论提出和讨论，特别是在长期的风暴路径的变化，预计作为一个可能的应对气候变暖在未来的世纪。
英文摘要：
Atmospheric transient eddies and low-frequency flow contribution to the ocean surface wave climate in the North Atlantic during boreal winter is investigated (1980 - 2016). We conduct a set of numerical simulations with a state-of-the-art spectral wave model Wavewatch III forced by decomposed wind fields derived from the ERA-Interim reanalysis (0.7° horizontal resolution). Synoptic-scale processes (2-10 day bandpassed winds) are found to have the largest impact on the formation of wind waves in the western mid-latitude North Atlantic along the North American and western Greenland coasts. The eastern North Atlantic is found to be influenced by the combination of low-frequency forcing (>10 day bandpassed winds) contributing up to 60% and synoptic processes contributing up to 30% to mean wave heights. Mid-latitude storm track variability is found to have a direct relationship with wave height variability on the eastern and western margins of the North Atlantic in particular implying an association between cyclone formation over the North American Eastern Seaboard and wave heights anomalies in the eastern North Atlantic. A shift in wave height regimes defined using an EOF analysis is reflected in the occurrence anomalies in their distribution. Results highlight the dominant role of transient eddies on the ocean surface wave climatology in the mid-latitude eastern North Atlantic both locally and through association with cyclone formation in the western part of the basin. These conclusions are presented and discussed particularly within the context of long-term storm-track shifts projected as a possible response to climate warming over the coming century.
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