进入副热带北大西洋的副极地涡旋的形成和传播的直接观测
Direct observations of formation and propagation of subpolar eddies into the subtropical North Atlantic
摘要：
次表面浮动和停泊的观测首次显示的反气旋亚中尺度相干涡的形成和传播，运输相对寒冷，新鲜的亚极地水的内部亚热带北大西洋。在拉布拉多海出口处向南流动的西边界流中释放的声学跟踪RAFOS浮子揭示了在大浅滩南端（42 N，50 W）形成的三个涡流。使用最近开发的方法来探测浮子轨迹中的涡旋并估计其运动学特性，发现涡旋在半径为1025公里处的平均旋转周期为5 - 7天，平均旋转速度高达0.3米/秒。一个特别长的（5.1个月）涡流穿过湾流路径，并在副热带环流中向西南移动到至少北纬35度，在那里它击中了一个角隆海山。在北纬38度、西经50度的湾流以南部署了两个系泊装置，为期9个月，对这些装置进行了速度、温度和盐度测量，结果显示，至少有两个具有相似水文和运动学特性的漩涡通过。涡旋的核心温度和盐度特性意味着它们形成于大浅滩尾部以南的拉布拉多海流的中间层。这些观测结果证实了早先的推测，即涡旋形成于这一地区，并将极冷的低盐度水直接输送到亚热带内陆。讨论了这些涡旋的可能形成机制及其对室内通风和拉布拉多海水向赤道扩散的潜在重要性。
英文摘要：
Subsurface float and moored observations are presented to show for the first time the formation and propagation of anticyclonic submesoscale coherent vortices that transport relatively cold, fresh subpolar water to the interior subtropical North Atlantic. Acoustically tracked RAFOS floats released in the southward-flowing Western Boundary Current at the exit of the Labrador Sea reveal the formation of three of these eddies at the southern tip of the Grand Banks (42 N, 50 W). Using a recently developed method to detect eddies in float trajectories and estimate their kinematic properties, it was found that the eddies had average rotation periods of 5--7 days at radii of 1025 km, with mean rotation speeds of up to 0.3 m/s. One especially long-lived (5.1 months) eddy crossed under the Gulf Stream path and translated southwestward in the subtropical recirculation to at least 35 N, where it hit one of the Corner Rise Seamounts. Velocity, temperature and salinity measurements from a nine-month deployment of two moorings south of the Gulf Stream at 38 N, 50 W reveal the passage of at least two eddies with similar hydrographic and kinematic properties. The core temperature and salinity properties of the eddies imply their formation at intermediate levels of the Labrador Current south of the Tail of the Grand Banks. These observations confirm earlier speculation that eddies form in this region and transport anomalously cold, low-salinity water directly into the subtropical interior. Possible formation mechanisms and potential importance of these eddies to interior ventilation and the equatorward spreading of Labrador Sea Water are discussed.
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