主动预应力通过几何效应导致单元的明显硬化
Active prestress leads to an apparent stiffening of cells through geometrical effects
摘要：
例如通过分子马达的活性调节主动预应力构成了通过非线性材料性质调节细胞刚度的强大细胞工具。了解这个工具是我们理解细胞力响应，细胞形状动力学和组织组织的重要先决条件。从细胞力学测量获得的实验数据往往显示出一个简单的线性关系之间的机械预应力和测得的微分弹性模量。虽然这些实验结果可能指向应力引起的材料结构变化，但我们在这里提出了一个理论研究中令人惊讶的简单替代解释。我们展示了如何几何效应可以引起增加细胞的细胞力响应中存在的主动预应力。相关的有效应力硬化与实际应力引起的弹性模量变化无关，因此应视为材料的表观硬化。我们认为，在实验设计中的新方法是必要的分离这种明显的应力硬化由于几何效应从实际的非线性的弹性模量在预应力蜂窝材料。
英文摘要：
Tuning of active prestress e.g. through activity of molecular motors constitutes a powerful cellular tool to adjust cellular stiffness through nonlinear material properties. Understanding this tool is an important prerequisite for our comprehension of cellular force response, cell shape dynamics and tissue organisation. Experimental data obtained from cell-mechanical measurements often show a simple linear dependence between mechanical prestress and measured differential elastic moduli. While these experimental findings could point to stress-induced structural changes in the material, we propose here a surprisingly simple alternative explanation in a theoretical study. We show how geometrical effects can give rise to increased cellular force response of cells in the presence of active prestress. The associated effective stress-stiffening is disconnected from actual stress-induced changes of the elastic modulus and should therefore be regarded as an apparent stiffening of the material. We argue that new approaches in experimental design are necessary to separate this apparent stress-stiffening due to geometrical effects from actual nonlinearities of the elastic modulus in prestressed cellular material.
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