Recent automotive vision work has focused almost exclusively on processing forward-facing cameras. However, future autonomous vehicles will not be viable without a more comprehensive surround sensing, akin to a human driver, as can be provided by 360° panoramic cameras. We present an approach to adapt contemporary deep network architectures developed on conventional rectilinear imagery to work on equirectangular 360° panoramic imagery. To address the lack of annotated panoramic automotive datasets availability, we adapt a contemporary automotive dataset, via style and projection transformations, to facilitate the cross-domain retraining of contemporary algorithms for panoramic imagery. Following this approach we retrain and adapt existing architectures to recover scene depth and 3D pose of vehicles from monocular panoramic imagery without any panoramic training labels or calibration parameters. Our approach is evaluated qualitatively on crowd-sourced panoramic images and quantitatively using an automotive environment simulator to provide the first benchmark for such techniques within panoramic imagery.
Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心遥感技术研究所（IMF））；Signal Processing in Earth Observation (SiPEO), Technical University of Munich (TUM)（慕尼黑工业大学地球观测信号处理研究所（SiPEO））
In this paper we tackle a very novel problem, namely height estimation from a single monocular remote sensing image, which is inherently ambiguous, and a technically ill-posed problem, with a large source of uncertainty coming from the overall scale. We propose a fully convolutional-deconvolutional network architecture being trained end-to-end, encompassing residual learning, to model the ambiguous mapping between monocular remote sensing images and height maps. Specifically, it is composed of two parts, i.e., convolutional sub-network and deconvolutional sub-network. The former corresponds to…
Behind Every Domain There is a Shift: Adapting Distortion-aware Vision Transformers for Panoramic Semantic Segmentation
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；Hunan University（湖南大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；ByteDance Inc.（字节跳动公司）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）
Monocular 3D object detection is one of the most challenging tasks in 3D scene understanding. Due to the ill-posed nature of monocular imagery, existing monocular 3D detection methods highly rely on training with the manually annotated 3D box labels on the LiDAR point clouds. This annotation process is very laborious and expensive. To dispense with the reliance on 3D box labels, in this paper we explore the weakly supervised monocular 3D detection. Specifically, we first detect 2D boxes on the image. Then, we adopt the generated 2D boxes to select corresponding RoI LiDAR points as the weak sup…
YOLO11-4K: An Efficient Architecture for Real-Time Small Object Detection in 4K Panoramic Images
School of Engineering \& Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia School of Systems \& Computing, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia School of Computer Science \& Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
Detecting and localizing objects in the real 3D space, which plays a crucial role in scene understanding, is particularly challenging given only a monocular image due to the geometric information loss during imagery projection. We propose MonoGRNet for the amodal 3D object detection from a monocular image via geometric reasoning in both the observed 2D projection and the unobserved depth dimension. MonoGRNet decomposes the monocular 3D object detection task into four sub-tasks including 2D object detection, instance-level depth estimation, projected 3D center estimation and local corner regres…
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；German Aerospace Center（德国航空航天中心）
Monocular height estimation (MHE) from remote sensing imagery has high potential in generating 3D city models efficiently for a quick response to natural disasters. Most existing works pursue higher performance. However, there is little research exploring the interpretability of MHE networks. In this paper, we target at exploring how deep neural networks predict height from a single monocular image. Towards a comprehensive understanding of MHE networks, we propose to interpret them from multiple levels: 1) Neurons: unit-level dissection. Exploring the semantic and height selectivity of the lea…
Today's state-of-the-art methods for 3D object detection are based on lidar, stereo, or monocular cameras. Lidar-based methods achieve the best accuracy, but have a large footprint, high cost, and mechanically-limited angular sampling rates, resulting in low spatial resolution at long ranges. Recent approaches based on low-cost monocular or stereo cameras promise to overcome these limitations but struggle in low-light or low-contrast regions as they rely on passive CMOS sensors. In this work, we propose a novel 3D object detection modality that exploits temporal illumination cues from a low-co…
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；LIGHTSPEED；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Microsoft Research（微软研究院）
Detecting and localizing objects in the real 3D space, which plays a crucial role in scene understanding, is particularly challenging given only a single RGB image due to the geometric information loss during imagery projection. We propose MonoGRNet for the amodal 3D object detection from a monocular RGB image via geometric reasoning in both the observed 2D projection and the unobserved depth dimension. MonoGRNet is a single, unified network composed of four task-specific subnetworks, responsible for 2D object detection, instance depth estimation (IDE), 3D localization and local corner regress…
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
In this paper, we formulate a potentially valuable panoramic depth completion (PDC) task as panoramic 3D cameras often produce 360° depth with missing data in complex scenes. Its goal is to recover dense panoramic depths from raw sparse ones and panoramic RGB images. To deal with the PDC task, we train a deep network that takes both depth and image as inputs for the dense panoramic depth recovery. However, it needs to face a challenging optimization problem of the network parameters due to its non-convex objective function. To address this problem, we propose a simple yet effective approach te…
Multiple Object Detection and Tracking in Panoramic Videos for Cycling Safety Analysis
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering（土木、环境与测绘工程系）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；SpaceTimeLab（时空实验室）；Department of Earth Science and Engineering（地球科学与工程系）；Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；Centre for Transport Studies（交通研究中心）
Hazard detection and avoidance is a key technology for future robotic small body sample return and lander missions. Current state-of-the-practice methods rely on high-fidelity, a priori terrain maps, which require extensive human-in-the-loop verification and expensive reconnaissance campaigns to resolve mapping uncertainties. We propose a novel safety mapping paradigm that leverages deep semantic segmentation techniques to predict landing safety directly from a single monocular image, thus reducing reliance on high-fidelity, a priori data products. We demonstrate precise and accurate safety ma…
OBMO: One Bounding Box Multiple Objects for Monocular 3D Object Detection
State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG, College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University（浙江大学计算机学院CAD&CG国家重点实验室）；Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；Ningbo Zhoushan Port Group Co.,Ltd.（宁波舟山港集团有限公司）；College of Software, Zhejiang University（浙江大学软件学院）
Fraunhofer IOSB（弗劳恩霍夫光电、系统技术及图像处理研究所）；Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, KIT（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院摄影测量与遥感研究所）；Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning（弗劳恩霍夫机器学习中心）
Supervised learning based methods for monocular depth estimation usually require large amounts of extensively annotated training data. In the case of aerial imagery, this ground truth is particularly difficult to acquire. Therefore, in this paper, we present a method for self-supervised learning for monocular depth estimation from aerial imagery that does not require annotated training data. For this, we only use an image sequence from a single moving camera and learn to simultaneously estimate depth and pose information. By sharing the weights between pose and depth estimation, we achieve a r…
Stanford Center for Professional Development（斯坦福专业发展中心）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
Images of spacecraft photographed from other spacecraft operating in outer space are difficult to come by, especially at a scale typically required for deep learning tasks. Semantic image segmentation, object detection and localization, and pose estimation are well researched areas with powerful results for many applications, and would be very useful in autonomous spacecraft operation and rendezvous. However, recent studies show that these strong results in broad and common domains may generalize poorly even to specific industrial applications on earth. To address this, we propose a method for…
Sim-to-Real Transfer via 3D Feature Fields for Vision-and-Language Navigation
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Intelligent Computing Technology, CAS（中国科学院智能计算技术研究所）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Institute of Space Technology（空间技术研究所）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；Univ. Gustave Eiffel（古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学）；IGN（法国国家地理与林业信息研究所）；ENSG（法国国立地理科学学院）；JIS University（JIS大学）
The Corona KH-4 reconnaissance satellite missions from 1962-1972 acquired panoramic stereo imagery with high spatial resolution of 1.8-7.5 m. The potential of 800,000+ declassified Corona images has not been leveraged due to the complexities arising from handling of panoramic imaging geometry, film distortions and limited availability of the metadata required for georeferencing of the Corona imagery. This paper presents Corona Stereo Pipeline (CoSP): A pipeline for processing of Corona KH-4 stereo panoramic imagery. CoSP utlizes a deep learning based feature matcher SuperGlue to automatically …
Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology（国立先进工业科学技术研究所）
This paper presents a novel method for detecting scene changes from a pair of images with a difference of camera viewpoints using a dense optical flow based change detection network. In the case that camera poses of input images are fixed or known, such as with surveillance and satellite cameras, the pixel correspondence between the images captured at different times can be known. Hence, it is possible to comparatively accurately detect scene changes between the images by modeling the appearance of the scene. On the other hand, in case of cameras mounted on a moving object, such as ground and …
360ORB-SLAM: A Visual SLAM System for Panoramic Images with Depth Completion Network
Hangzhou Normal University（杭州师范大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）；Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing（泉州装备制造研究所）；Hangzhou Dianzi University（杭州电子科技大学）；Tianjin University of Technology（天津理工大学）
A key requirement for autonomous on-orbit proximity operations is the estimation of a target spacecraft's relative pose (position and orientation). It is desirable to employ monocular cameras for this problem due to their low cost, weight, and power requirements. This work presents a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)-based monocular pose estimation system that achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with low computational demand. In combination with a Blender-based synthetic data generation scheme, the system demonstrates the ability to generalize from purely synthetic training data to real …
In this paper, we propose a learning-based method for predicting dense depth values of a scene from a monocular omnidirectional image. An omnidirectional image has a full field-of-view, providing much more complete descriptions of the scene than perspective images. However, fully-convolutional networks that most current solutions rely on fail to capture rich global contexts from the panorama. To address this issue and also the distortion of equirectangular projection in the panorama, we propose Cubemap Vision Transformers (CViT), a new transformer-based architecture that can model long-range d…
Geometry and Gradient-based Partitioning for Panoramic Outdoor Reconstruction
Insta360 Research（Insta360研究机构）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）
FaSS-MVS -- Fast Multi-View Stereo with Surface-Aware Semi-Global Matching from UAV-borne Monocular Imagery
Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB)（弗劳恩霍夫光学技术、系统技术与图像利用研究所）；Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning（弗劳恩霍夫机器学习中心）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）
Acquiring accurate three-dimensional depth information conventionally requires expensive multibeam LiDAR devices. Recently, researchers have developed a less expensive option by predicting depth information from two-dimensional color imagery. However, there still exists a substantial gap in accuracy between depth information estimated from two-dimensional images and real LiDAR point-cloud. In this paper, we introduce a fusion-based depth prediction method, called FusionMapping. This is the first method that fuses colored imagery and two-dimensional laser scan to estimate depth in-formation. Mo…
The First Assessment of PhiSat-2 Imagery for Monocular Building Height Estimation
State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University（信息工程测绘遥感国家重点实验室（LIESMARS），武汉大学）；Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember（工程技术学院测绘工程系，印度尼西亚技术学院十月份十号学院）；Department of Informatics and Information Technology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences (CoNAS), Sokoine University of Agriculture（信息与信息技术系，索科因农业学院自然与应用科学学院）；Geomatics Department, Tshwane University of Technology（测绘系，塔什韦恩技术大学）；Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg（地理、环境管理与能源研究系，科学学院，约翰内斯堡大学）
EventHDR: from Event to High-Speed HDR Videos and Beyond
Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学计算机科学与技术学院）；University of Tsukuba（筑波大学）；Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Research Center, the University of Tokyo（东京大学下一代人工智能研究中心）
Naval Research Laboratory（海军研究实验室）；California Polytechnic State University（加州州立理工大学）
We introduce a convolutional neural network model for unsupervised learning of depth and ego-motion from cylindrical panoramic video. Panoramic depth estimation is an important technology for applications such as virtual reality, 3D modeling, and autonomous robotic navigation. In contrast to previous approaches for applying convolutional neural networks to panoramic imagery, we use the cylindrical panoramic projection which allows for the use of the traditional CNN layers such as convolutional filters and max pooling without modification. Our evaluation of synthetic and real data shows that un…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Chongqing University（重庆大学）；KAUST（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
Depth estimation is a crucial step for 3D reconstruction with panorama images in recent years. Panorama images maintain the complete spatial information but introduce distortion with equirectangular projection. In this paper, we propose an ACDNet based on the adaptively combined dilated convolution to predict the dense depth map for a monocular panoramic image. Specifically, we combine the convolution kernels with different dilations to extend the receptive field in the equirectangular projection. Meanwhile, we introduce an adaptive channel-wise fusion module to summarize the feature maps and …
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；National Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University（浙江大学国家光学仪器工程技术研究中心）
Depth estimation, as a necessary clue to convert 2D images into the 3D space, has been applied in many machine vision areas. However, to achieve an entire surrounding 360-degree geometric sensing, traditional stereo matching algorithms for depth estimation are limited due to large noise, low accuracy, and strict requirements for multi-camera calibration. In this work, for a unified surrounding perception, we introduce panoramic images to obtain larger field of view. We extend PADENet first appeared in our previous conference work for outdoor scene understanding, to perform panoramic monocular …
Naval Research Laboratory（海军研究实验室）；California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo（加州州立理工大学圣路易斯奥比斯波分校）
We introduce a convolutional neural network model for unsupervised learning of depth and ego-motion from cylindrical panoramic video. Panoramic depth estimation is an important technology for applications such as virtual reality, 3D modeling, and autonomous robotic navigation. In contrast to previous approaches for applying convolutional neural networks to panoramic imagery, we use the cylindrical panoramic projection which allows for the use of the traditional CNN layers such as convolutional filters and max pooling without modification. Our evaluation of synthetic and real data shows that un…
Forest canopy height estimation from satellite RGB imagery using large-scale airborne LiDAR-derived training data and monocular depth estimation
Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；CSIRO Environment（英联邦科学与工业研究组织环境部）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）
Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学信息科学研究所）
For a monocular 360 image, depth estimation is a challenging because the distortion increases along the latitude. To perceive the distortion, existing methods devote to designing a deep and complex network architecture. In this paper, we provide a new perspective that constructs an interpretable and sparse representation for a 360 image. Considering the importance of the geometric structure in depth estimation, we utilize the contourlet transform to capture an explicit geometric cue in the spectral domain and integrate it with an implicit cue in the spatial domain. Specifically, we propose a n…
The ability to estimate rich geometry and camera motion from monocular imagery is fundamental to future interactive robotics and augmented reality applications. Different approaches have been proposed that vary in scene geometry representation (sparse landmarks, dense maps), the consistency metric used for optimising the multi-view problem, and the use of learned priors. We present a SLAM system that unifies these methods in a probabilistic framework while still maintaining real-time performance. This is achieved through the use of a learned compact depth map representation and reformulating t…
360° cameras can capture complete environments in a single shot, which makes 360° imagery alluring in many computer vision tasks. However, monocular depth estimation remains a challenge for 360° data, particularly for high resolutions like 2K (2048x1024) and beyond that are important for novel-view synthesis and virtual reality applications. Current CNN-based methods do not support such high resolutions due to limited GPU memory. In this work, we propose a flexible framework for monocular depth estimation from high-resolution 360° images using tangent images. We project the 360° input image on…
DAPM: UAV Monocular Depth Estimation from Any Height, Pitch, Roll and FOV
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Key Laboratory of Target Cognition and Application Technology (TCAT), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院目标认知与应用技术重点实验室）
