A pipeline for automated processing of Corona KH-4 (1962-1972) stereo imagery
Institute of Space Technology（空间技术研究所）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；Univ. Gustave Eiffel（古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学）；IGN（法国国家地理与林业信息研究所）；ENSG（法国国立地理科学学院）；JIS University（JIS大学）
The Corona KH-4 reconnaissance satellite missions from 1962-1972 acquired panoramic stereo imagery with high spatial resolution of 1.8-7.5 m. The potential of 800,000+ declassified Corona images has not been leveraged due to the complexities arising from handling of panoramic imaging geometry, film distortions and limited availability of the metadata required for georeferencing of the Corona imagery. This paper presents Corona Stereo Pipeline (CoSP): A pipeline for processing of Corona KH-4 stereo panoramic imagery. CoSP utlizes a deep learning based feature matcher SuperGlue to automatically match features point between Corona KH-4 images and recent satellite imagery to generate Ground Control Points (GCPs). To model the imaging geometry and the scanning motion of the panoramic KH-4 cameras, a rigorous camera model consisting of modified collinearity equations with time dependent exterior orientation parameters is employed. The results show that using the entire frame of the Corona image, bundle adjustment using well-distributed GCPs results in an average standard deviation (SD) of less than 2 pixels. The distortion pattern of image residuals of GCPs and y-parallax in epipolar resampled images suggest that film distortions due to long term storage as likely cause of systematic deviations. Compared to the SRTM DEM, the Corona DEM computed using CoSP achieved a Normalized Median Absolute Deviation (NMAD) of elevation differences of ~4 m over an area of approx. 4000 $km^2$. We show that the proposed pipeline can be applied to sequence of complex scenes involving high relief and glacierized terrain and that the resulting DEMs can be used to compute long term glacier elevation changes over large areas.
University of Delaware（特拉华大学）；Vision Systems Inc.（视觉系统公司）
Digital Surface Model generation from satellite imagery is a difficult task that has been largely overlooked by the deep learning community. Stereo reconstruction techniques developed for terrestrial systems including self driving cars do not translate well to satellite imagery where image pairs vary considerably. In this work we present neural network tailored for Digital Surface Model generation, a ground truthing and training scheme which maximizes available hardware, and we present a comparison to existing methods. The resulting models are smooth, preserve boundaries, and enable further pr…
This paper proposes a system for automatic surface volume monitoring from time series of SkySat pushframe imagery. A specific challenge of building and comparing large 3D models from SkySat data is to correct inconsistencies between the camera models associated to the multiple views that are necessary to cover the area at a given time, where these camera models are represented as Rational Polynomial Cameras (RPCs). We address the problem by proposing a date-wise RPC refinement, able to handle dynamic areas covered by sets of partially overlapping views. The cameras are refined by means of a ro…
SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AI
Eurecat（欧罗卡特技术中心）；IIE, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República（乌拉圭共和国大学工程学院IIE）；Universitat Pompeu Fabra（庞培法布拉大学）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；ENS Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷高等师范学校）；Institut Universitaire de France（法国大学研究院）
Training Deep Stereo Matching Networks on Tree Branch Imagery: A Benchmark Study for Real-Time UAV Forestry Applications
Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence（数据科学与人工智能中心）；Victoria University of Wellington（威灵顿维多利亚大学）；Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering（计算机科学与软件工程系）；University of Canterbury（坎特伯雷大学）
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
The goal of this paper is to perform 3D object detection in the context of autonomous driving. Our method first aims at generating a set of high-quality 3D object proposals by exploiting stereo imagery. We formulate the problem as minimizing an energy function that encodes object size priors, placement of objects on the ground plane as well as several depth informed features that reason about free space, point cloud densities and distance to the ground. We then exploit a CNN on top of these proposals to perform object detection. In particular, we employ a convolutional neural net (CNN) that ex…
An accurate depth map of the environment is critical to the safe operation of autonomous robots and vehicles. Currently, either light detection and ranging (LIDAR) or stereo matching algorithms are used to acquire such depth information. However, a high-resolution LIDAR is expensive and produces sparse depth map at large range; stereo matching algorithms are able to generate denser depth maps but are typically less accurate than LIDAR at long range. This paper combines these approaches together to generate high-quality dense depth maps. Unlike previous approaches that are trained using ground-…
Diachronic Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery
IIE, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República（乌拉圭国家工程院，工程学院，乌拉圭共和国大学）；Politecnico di Torino（托斯卡纳理工学院）；Eurecat, Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya（欧洲催化中心，加泰罗尼亚技术中心）；AMIAD, Pôle Recherche（AMIAD研究极）；Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli（巴黎萨克雷大学，国家科学研究中心，巴黎萨克雷高等师范学校，博雷利中心）；Institut Universitaire de France（法国国家科学研究中心）
FaSS-MVS -- Fast Multi-View Stereo with Surface-Aware Semi-Global Matching from UAV-borne Monocular Imagery
Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB)（弗劳恩霍夫光学技术、系统技术与图像利用研究所）；Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning（弗劳恩霍夫机器学习中心）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）
Recent work has shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be applied successfully in disparity estimation, but these methods still suffer from errors in regions of low-texture, occlusions and reflections. Concurrently, deep learning for semantic segmentation has shown great progress in recent years. In this paper, we design a CNN architecture that combines these two tasks to improve the quality and accuracy of disparity estimation with the help of semantic segmentation. Specifically, we propose a network structure in which these two tasks are highly coupled. One key novelty of this a…
We explore the problem of real-time stereo matching on high-res imagery. Many state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods struggle to process high-res imagery because of memory constraints or speed limitations. To address this issue, we propose an end-to-end framework that searches for correspondences incrementally over a coarse-to-fine hierarchy. Because high-res stereo datasets are relatively rare, we introduce a dataset with high-res stereo pairs for both training and evaluation. Our approach achieved SOTA performance on Middlebury-v3 and KITTI-15 while running significantly faster than its competitors…
Deep S2P: Integrating Learning Based Stereo Matching Into the Satellite Stereo Pipeline
IIE, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República（拉普拉塔大学工程学院）；AMIAD, Pôle Recherche（AMIAD研究机构）；Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli（巴黎-萨克雷大学、巴黎-萨克雷高等学院、国家科学研究中心、Borelli中心）；Institut Universitaire de France（法国国家科学研究中心）
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Google（谷歌）
The view synthesis problem--generating novel views of a scene from known imagery--has garnered recent attention due in part to compelling applications in virtual and augmented reality. In this paper, we explore an intriguing scenario for view synthesis: extrapolating views from imagery captured by narrow-baseline stereo cameras, including VR cameras and now-widespread dual-lens camera phones. We call this problem stereo magnification, and propose a learning framework that leverages a new layered representation that we call multiplane images (MPIs). Our method also uses a massive new data sourc…
Reconstructing 3D geometry from satellite imagery is an important topic of research. However, disparities exist between how this 3D reconstruction problem is handled in the remote sensing context and how multi-view reconstruction pipelines have been developed in the computer vision community. In this paper, we explore whether state-of-the-art reconstruction pipelines from the vision community can be applied to the satellite imagery. Along the way, we address several challenges adapting vision-based structure from motion and multi-view stereo methods. We show that vision pipelines can offer com…
DEM Refinement and Validation on the Lunar Surface Using Shape-from-Shading with Chandrayaan-2 OHRC Imagery
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal University（曼海姆大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Space Applications Centre (SAC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)（印度空间研究组织空间应用中心）
NICTA（国家信息与通信技术研究院）；Yale-NUS College（耶鲁-新加坡国立大学学院）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；NAIST（奈良先端科学技术大学院大学）；Microsoft Research（微软研究院）
This paper introduces depth estimation from water drops. The key idea is that a single water drop adhered to window glass is totally transparent and convex, and thus optically acts like a fisheye lens. If we have more than one water drop in a single image, then through each of them we can see the environment with different view points, similar to stereo. To realize this idea, we need to rectify every water drop imagery to make radially distorted planar surfaces look flat. For this rectification, we consider two physical properties of water drops: (1) A static water drop has constant volume, an…
Brown University（布朗大学）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）
We introduce a method to convert stereo 360° (omnidirectional stereo) imagery into a layered, multi-sphere image representation for six degree-of-freedom (6DoF) rendering. Stereo 360° imagery can be captured from multi-camera systems for virtual reality (VR), but lacks motion parallax and correct-in-all-directions disparity cues. Together, these can quickly lead to VR sickness when viewing content. One solution is to try and generate a format suitable for 6DoF rendering, such as by estimating depth. However, this raises questions as to how to handle disoccluded regions in dynamic scenes. Our a…
Sub-metre Lunar DEM Generation and Validation from Chandrayaan-2 OHRC Multi-View Imagery Using an Open-Source Pipeline
School of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University（曼海姆大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Space Applications Centre (SAC) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)（空间应用中心（SAC）印度空间研究组织（ISRO））；Intelligent Robotics Group NASA Ames Research Center（智能机器人小组美国国家航空航天局阿姆斯研究中心）
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg（科特布斯-森夫滕贝格勃兰登堡工业大学）
Photometric stereo refers to the process to compute the 3D shape of an object using information on illumination and reflectance from several input images from the same point of view. The most often used reflectance model is the Lambertian reflectance, however this does not include specular highlights in input images. In this paper we consider the arising non-linear optimisation problem when employing Blinn-Phong reflectance for modeling specular effects. To this end we focus on the regularising Levenberg-Marquardt scheme. We show how to derive an explicit bound that gives information on the co…
DFKI – German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence（德国人工智能研究中心）；BMW Group（宝马集团）
We propose a new approach called LiDAR-Flow to robustly estimate a dense scene flow by fusing a sparse LiDAR with stereo images. We take the advantage of the high accuracy of LiDAR to resolve the lack of information in some regions of stereo images due to textureless objects, shadows, ill-conditioned light environment and many more. Additionally, this fusion can overcome the difficulty of matching unstructured 3D points between LiDAR-only scans. Our LiDAR-Flow approach consists of three main steps; each of them exploits LiDAR measurements. First, we build strong seeds from LiDAR to enhance the…
