甚至没有错：biodiversity和生态系统功能之间的虚假联系
Not even wrong: The spurious link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
摘要：
解决生物多样性和生态系统功能之间的关系一直是现代生态学的核心目标之一。早期关于这种关系的争论最终随着一种统计划分方案的出现而得到解决，该方案将生物多样性效应分解为“选择”效应和“互补”效应。我们证明，生物多样性效应及其统计分解为选择和互补是根本上有缺陷的，因为这些方法使用了一个天真的零期望的基础上的中立性，可能会导致高估的净生物多样性效应，他们没有考虑到在自然界中观察到的非线性丰度生态系统功能的关系。此外，在这种非线性下，没有统计方案可以设计来划分生物多样性的影响。我们还提出了一个替代的度量提供了一个更合理的估计生物多样性的影响。我们的研究结果表明，自20世纪90年代初以来进行的所有研究都可能高估了生物多样性对生态系统功能的积极影响。
英文摘要：
Resolving the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has been one of the central goals of modern ecology. Early debates about the relationship were finally resolved with the advent of a statistical partitioning scheme that decomposed the biodiversity effect into a "selection" effect and a "complementarity" effect. We prove that both the biodiversity effect and its statistical decomposition into selection and complementarity are fundamentally flawed because these methods use a naïve null expectation based on neutrality, likely leading to an overestimate of the net biodiversity effect, and they fail to account for the nonlinear abundance-ecosystem functioning relationships observed in nature. Furthermore, under such nonlinearity no statistical scheme can be devised to partition the biodiversity effects. We also present an alternative metric providing a more reasonable estimate of biodiversity effect. Our results suggest that all studies conducted since the early 1990s likely overestimated the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning.
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