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arXiv 1807.11047cond-mat.quant-gas
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无序势阱中弱相互作用玻色气体的热化

Thermalization of a weakly interacting Bose gas in a disordered trap

Che-Hsiu Hsueh, Makoto Tsubota, Wen-Chin Wu

摘要:

之前我们用数值方法证明了,当凝聚体的愈合长度$ξ$短于无序的相关长度$σ_{D}$时,热化可以发生在具有无序谐波陷阱的振荡玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)中[例如,参见Phys. Rev. A \textbf{82},033603(2010)中报道的实验]。在这项工作中,我们调查的弱相互作用或安德森局域化制度$ξ>σ_{D}$,并表明,振荡的BEC也可以表现出从非平衡到平衡的弛豫过程。在这样一个孤立的量子系统中,能量和粒子数是守恒的,无序诱导了向热力学平衡的不可逆演化。热力学平衡由最大熵$S\left[n_{k}\right]$证明,其中波作用谱$n_{k}$遵循Rayleigh-Jeans分布。此外,不同于单调不可逆的热化到平衡过程,Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou递归出现在该系统中,表现为非平衡熵的振荡。

英文摘要:

Previously we numerically showed that thermalization can occur in an oscillating Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a disordered harmonic trap when healing length $ξ$ of the condensate is shorter than the correlation length $σ_{D}$ of the disorder [see, for example, the experiment reported in Phys. Rev. A \textbf{82}, 033603 (2010)]. In this work, we investigate the weakly interacting or Anderson localization regime $ξ>σ_{D}$ and show that the oscillating BEC can also exhibit a relaxation process from nonequilibrium to equilibrium. In such an isolated quantum system, energy and particle number are conserved and the irreversible evolution towards thermodynamic equilibrium is induced by the disorder. The thermodynamic equilibrium is evidenced by the maximized entropy $S\left[n_{k}\right]$ in which the waveaction spectrum $n_{k}$ follows the Rayleigh-Jeans distribution. Besides, unlike a monotonic irreversible process of thermalization to equilibrium, the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrence arises in this system, manifested by the oscillation of the non-equilibrium entropy.

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