光学半径以外的超新星爆发率
The supernova rate beyond the optical radius
摘要：
根据{ \it GALEX}探测到的远紫外线辐射，许多旋涡星系的H~I盘向外延伸，并显示出低水平的恒星形成。在这里，我们调查的超新星（SN）率在星系的外围，使用最大和最均匀的附近超新星（SNe）从利克天文台超新星搜索（LOSS）。虽然SN率已被测量相对于各种星系的属性，如恒星质量和金属丰度，其相对频率在外围与内部区域尚未被研究。了解SN速率作为银河系内环境的函数有许多分支，包括解释LIGO观测，大质量恒星的形成，以及令人困惑的外H~I盘的高速色散。利用LOSS巡天的数据，我们发现螺旋星系光学半径以外的速率为每千年$2.5 \pm 0.5$ SNe，而矮星系每千年拥有$ 4.0 \pm 2.2$ SNe。螺旋星系外盘的核心坍缩速率（可能坍缩形成LIGO/Virgo探测到的大质量黑洞）为每千年$1.5 \pm 0.15$ SNe，矮星系为每千年$2.6 \pm 1.5$ SNe。在旋涡外围的核坍缩SNe对体积速率的贡献为$7600 \pm 1700$ \，SNe\，~Gpc $^{-3}$ \，yr $^{-1}$，矮星系的体积速率为$31,000 \pm 18,000$ \，SNe\，Gpc $^{-3}$ \，yr $^{-1}$ .核心坍缩与Ia型超新星的相对比率在旋涡星系的内部和外部以及矮星系中是相当的。
英文摘要：
Many spiral galaxies have extended outer H~I disks and display low levels of star formation, inferred from the far-ultraviolet emission detected by {\it GALEX}, well beyond the optical radius. Here, we investigate the supernova (SN) rate in the outskirts of galaxies, using the largest and most homogeneous set of nearby supernovae (SNe) from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). While SN rates have been measured with respect to various galaxy properties, such as stellar mass and metallicity, their relative frequency in the outskirts versus the inner regions has not yet been studied. Understanding the SN rate as a function of intragalactic environment has many ramifications, including the interpretation of LIGO observations, the formation of massive stars, and the puzzlingly high velocity dispersion of the outer H~I disk. Using data from the LOSS survey, we find that the rate beyond the optical radius of spiral galaxies is $2.5 \pm 0.5$ SNe per millennium, while dwarf galaxies host $ 4.0 \pm 2.2$ SNe per millennium. The rates of core-collapse SNe (that may collapse to form the massive black holes detected by LIGO/Virgo) in the outer disks of spirals is $1.5 \pm 0.15$ SNe per millennium and in dwarf galaxies is $2.6 \pm 1.5$ SNe per millennium. Core-collapse SNe in spiral outskirts contribute $7600 \pm 1700$\,SNe\,~Gpc$^{-3}$\,yr$^{-1}$ to the volumetric rate, and dwarf galaxies have a rate of $31,000 \pm 18,000$\,SNe\,Gpc$^{-3}$\,yr$^{-1}$. The relative ratio of core-collapse to Type Ia SNe is comparable in the inner and outer parts of spirals, and in dwarf galaxies.
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