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arXiv 1807.05945cond-mat.stat-mechnlin.CDphysics.flu-dyn
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二维涡旋的非平衡统计力学

Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Two-dimensional Vortices

Renato Pakter, Yan Levin

摘要:

已经根据经验观察到,二维涡流倾向于聚集形成巨大的涡流。为了解释这一现象,昂萨格在平衡态统计力学中引入了负绝对温度的概念。在这封信中,我们将表明,在热力学极限的相互作用的旋涡系统不会放松到热力学平衡,但成为被困在一个非平衡定态。我们将表明,在这种非平衡定态的涡旋分布有一个特征的核心晕结构,它可以预测{ \it先验}。所有的理论结果与显式分子动力学模拟进行了比较。

英文摘要:

It has been observed empirically that two dimensional vortices tend to cluster forming a giant vortex. To account for this observation Onsager introduced a concept of negative absolute temperature in equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this Letter we will show that in the thermodynamic limit a system of interacting vortices does not relax to the thermodynamic equilibrium, but becomes trapped in a non-equilibrium stationary state. We will show that the vortex distribution in this non-equilibrium stationary state has a characteristic core-halo structure, which can be predicted {\it a priori}. All the theoretical results are compared with explicit molecular dynamics simulations.

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