氦离子辐照提高超导纳米线单光子探测器的本征探测效率
Enhancing intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors via helium ion irradiation
摘要：
在近红外波段实现本征探测效率100%的NbN超导纳米线单光子探测器（SNSPD）仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们开发了一种后处理方法，使用20 keV的氦离子照射，以增加的IDE的NbN SNSPD接近统一。IDE的增强是由于离子诱导的超导能隙和费米能级的电子态密度的减少，与电和磁输运测量确定。经辐照的SNSPD的光吸收率的变化可以忽略不计，如通过测量的光反射率和系统检测效率（SNR）所证实的。受益于IDE的增强，辐照器件的介电常数在2.2K下对于1550nm波长从49%显著增加到92%。
英文摘要：
Realizing an NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with a 100% intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) at the near-infrared wavelengths is still challenging. Herein, we developed a post-processing method to increase the IDE of NbN SNSPDs to near unity using a 20 keV helium ion irradiation. The IDE enhancement was achieved owing to the ion-induced reduction of the superconducting energy gap and the electron density of states at the Fermi level, determined with the electrical and magnetic transport measurements. The change in optical absorptance of the irradiated SNSPD was negligible as confirmed by the measured optical reflectance and system detection efficiency (SDE). Benefited with the IDE enhancement, the SDE of an irradiated device was significantly increased from 49% to 92% at 2.2 K for a 1550 nm wavelength.
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