Search for GeV Gamma-ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET
O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, S. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. … 展开作者
O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, S. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, V. Di Felice, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, M. Hareyama, N. Hasebe, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, K. Kohri, T. Lomtadze, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, K. Mori, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, H. Murakami, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, F. Palma, P. Papini, A. V. Penacchioni, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, J. E. Suh, A. Sulaj, I. Takahashi, M. Takayanagi, M. Takita, T. Tamura, N. Tateyama, T. Terasawa, H. Tomida, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, S. Ueno, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida
We present results on searches for gamma-ray counterparts of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave events using CALorimetric Electron Telescope ({\sl CALET}) observations. The main instrument of {\sl CALET}, CALorimeter (CAL), observes gamma-rays from $\sim1$ GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of nearly 2 sr. In addition, the {\sl CALET} gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM) views $\sim$3 sr and $\sim2π$ sr of the sky in the 7 keV -- 1 MeV and the 40 keV -- 20 MeV bands, respectively, by using two different crystal scintillators. The {\sl CALET} observations on the International Space Station started in October 2015, and here we report analyses of events associated with the following gravitational wave events: GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814 and GW170817. Although only upper limits on gamma-ray emission are obtained, they correspond to a luminosity of $10^{49}\sim10^{53}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the GeV energy band depending on the distance and the assumed time duration of each event, which is approximately the order of luminosity of typical short gamma-ray bursts. This implies there will be a favorable opportunity to detect high-energy gamma-ray emission in further observations if additional gravitational wave events with favorable geometry will occur within our field-of-view. We also show the sensitivity of {\sl CALET} for gamma-ray transient events which is the order of $10^{-7}$~erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for an observation of 100~s duration.
Extended Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic-ray Electron and Positron from 10 GeV to 3 TeV Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
自2015年以来在国际空间站上运行的量热电子望远镜（CALET）收集了大量宇宙射线铁的样本。在这封信中，介绍了在每个核子动能从10 GeV $/n$到2.0 TeV $/n$的范围内对铁谱的测量，从而使铁能够列入由空间仪器以前所未有的精度研究的元素清单中。该计量基于二零一六年一月至二零二零年五月进行的观察。CALET仪器可以通过测量其电荷来识别单个核素，其动态范围远远超出铁（高达原子序数$Z$ = 40）。能量由均匀量热计测量，其总等效厚度为1.2质子相互作用长度，之前是提供跟踪和能量采样的薄（3辐射长度）成像部分。的数据分析和系统的不确定性的详细评估进行了描述和结果与以前的实验结果进行了比较。所观察到的差分光谱与先前的实验在误差范围内是一致的。在50 GeV $/n$到2 TeV $/n$的范围内，我们目前的数据与谱指数为-2.60 $\pm$ 0.03的单一幂律相容。
Precision spectral measurements of Chromium and Titanium from 10 to 250 GeV$/n$ and sub-Iron to Iron ratio with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the ISS
Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.2 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
在本文中，我们介绍了基于2015年10月至2019年10月国际空间站上的量热电子望远镜（CALET）观测的宇宙射线中碳和氧的能谱测量。分析，包括系统的不确定性的详细评估，并报告结果。用全量热仪测量了从10 GeV $/n$到2.2 TeV $/n$的能谱，其总厚度对应于1.3核相互作用长度。观测到的碳和氧通量显示出$\sim$ 0.15的光谱指数变化约200 GeV的$/n$建立了一个显着的$>3σ$。它们具有相同的能量依赖性与恒定的C/O通量比$0.911\pm 0.006$以上的25 GeV $/n$。光谱硬化与AMS-02测量的一致，但通量的绝对归一化约低27%，尽管与包括PAMELA光谱仪和热气球实验CREAM在内的先前实验的观测结果一致。
The spatial distribution of dark-matter-annihilation originated gamma-ray line signal
GeV $-$ TeV $γ-$射线线信号是暗物质湮灭或衰变的确凿证据。探测这样的信号是一些天基望远镜的主要目标之一，包括费米-LAT和即将到来的CALET，DAMPE和Gamma-400。暗物质湮灭产生的$γ-$射线线光子的一个重要特征是它们集中在银河系的中心。到目前为止，还没有可靠的$γ-$射线已被费米-LAT检测和湮灭到$γ-$射线的截面上的上限已被报道。我们使用这些上限来估计“最大”数量的$γ-$射线线光子可检测费米-LAT，DAMPE和伽马-400，然后调查这些光子的空间分布。我们指出，由于统计数据的限制，通常分布区的中心会偏离银河系中心（Sgr A $^{\star}$）。这样的结果几乎与暗物质分布模型无关，并且使得利用$γ-$射线线信号重建暗物质分布对于可预见的天基探测器非常具有挑战性。
Global Spline Fit: A unified data-driven view of the cosmic-ray spectrum and mass composition from GeV to the highest energies
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理研究所）；Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund（多特蒙德工业大学物理学院）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）
Cosmic-ray Boron Flux Measured from 8.4 GeV$/n$ to 3.8 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
我们提出的测量宇宙射线中的硼通量的能量依赖性和它的比例的碳通量\textcolor{black}{in an energy interval from 8.4 GeV$/n$ to 3.8 TeV$/n$}的基础上收集的数据的量热电子望远镜（CALET）在$\sim 6.4$年的操作在国际空间站。碳的能量谱的更新也提出了增加的统计比我们以前的测量。所观察到的硼通量显示出光谱硬化在相同的过渡能量$E_0 \sim 200$ GeV $/n$的C谱，虽然B和C通量有不同的能量依赖性。在$25 < E < 200$ GeV $/n$范围内，B谱的谱指数为$γ= -3.047\pm0.024$. B光谱通过$Δγ_B=0.25\pm0.12$硬化，而C光谱变化的最佳拟合值是$Δγ_C=0.19\pm0.03$。B/C通量比与$0.09\pm0.05$的硬化相容，尽管考虑到当前的统计不确定性，不能排除单一的幂律能量依赖性。B/C比能量依赖性的突破将支持AMS-02最近的观测结果，即次级宇宙射线比初级宇宙射线表现出更强的硬化。我们还进行了一个适合的B/C比与漏盒模型的宇宙射线在银河系中的传播，以探测一个可能的剩余值$λ_0$的平均逃逸路径长度$λ$在高能量。我们发现我们的B/C数据与$λ_0$的非零值兼容，这可以解释为宇宙射线在加速区域内穿过的物质的列密度。
Search for high energy $γ$-rays from the direction of the candidate electromagnetic counterpart to the binary black hole merger gravitational-wave event S190521g
