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arXiv 1807.00869astro-ph.EP
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极热巨型系外行星KELT-9 b的扩展氢包层

An extended hydrogen envelope of the extremely hot giant exoplanet KELT-9b

Fei Yan, Thomas Henning

摘要:

巨大的系外行星在靠近它们的主星的轨道上运行,由于它们接受了巨大的恒星辐射,因此温度很高。极端的能量输入导致大气膨胀和中性氢的逃逸。在热的巨行星中,一个特别有趣的例子是KELT-9 b--一颗系外行星,它的轨道非常接近一颗早期的A型恒星,在迄今为止已知的所有系外行星中温度最高(日侧约4600 K)。这样一颗独特行星的大气成分和动力学一直是未知的。在这里,我们报告了第一次检测到的扩展热氢气氛周围KELT-9 b。探测是通过测量凌日过程中的氢原子吸收来实现的,巴尔末Hα线异常强烈,主要是由于来自恒星的高水平极紫外辐射。我们探测到Hα吸收的显著波长偏移,这主要归因于行星轨道运动。所获得的透射光谱具有显著的线对比度(在Hα线中心处的1.15%额外吸收)。观测结果表明,Hα线中心的有效半径约为行星半径的1.64倍,表明该行星有一个很大程度上扩展的氢包层,接近洛希瓣(1.91 Rplanet)的大小,可能正在经历剧烈的大气逃逸。

英文摘要:

Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars have high temperatures because of the immense stellar irradiation which they receive. The extreme energy input leads to the expansion of the atmosphere and the escape of neutral hydrogen. A particularly intriguing case among the hot giant planets is KELT-9b -- an exoplanet orbiting very close to an early A-type star with the highest temperature (~4600 K at day-side) among all the exoplanets known so far. The atmospheric composition and dynamic of such a unique planet have been unknown. Here we report the first detection of an extended hot hydrogen atmosphere around KELT-9b. The detection was achieved by measuring the atomic hydrogen absorption during transit with the Balmer Hα line, which is unusually strong mainly due to the high level of extreme-ultraviolet radiation from the star. We detected a significant wavelength shift of the Hα absorption which is mostly attributed to the planetary orbital motion. The obtained transmission spectrum has a significant line contrast (1.15% extra absorption at the Hα line centre). The observation implies that the effective radius at the Hα line centre is ~1.64 times the size of the planetary radius, indicating the planet has a largely extended hydrogen envelope close to the size of the Roche lobe (1.91 Rplanet) and is probably undergoing dramatic atmosphere escape.

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