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arXiv 1806.08799astro-ph.EP
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超地球系统中的类木星过剩

An Excess of Jupiter Analogs in Super-Earth Systems

Marta L. Bryan, Heather A. Knutson, Eve J. Lee, BJ Fulton, Konstantin Batygin, Henry Ngo, Tiffany Meshkat

摘要:

我们使用径向速度观测来寻找长周期的气体巨星同伴在系统托管内部超级地球(1-4 R_地球,1-10 M_地球)行星,以限制形成和迁移的情况下,这个人口。我们一致地重新拟合了65颗恒星的RV数据集,发现9个系统具有统计上显著的趋势,表明存在外伴星。我们将这些RV数据与AO图像相结合,以约束这些同伴的质量和半长轴。我们通过用幂律分布拟合样本来量化我们对长周期伴星存在的敏感性,发现0.5-20 M_Jup和1-20 AU的伴星出现率为39+/-7%。我们的系统中有一半是通过凌日方法发现的,另一半是通过RV方法发现的。虽然两个样本之间的RV基线和数据点的数量的差异导致不同的敏感性,以遥远的同伴,我们发现,在每个样本中的气体巨星同伴的出现率是一致的,在0.5 $σ$水平。我们比较了这些系统中木星类似物的频率与实地恒星调查的等效率,发现木星类似物在超级地球周围的恒星中更常见。我们的结论是,外部气体巨星的存在并不能抑制内部超级地球的形成,这两个行星群似乎是相关的。我们还发现,与气体巨星同伴的系统的恒星金属丰度高于那些没有同伴,在一致的公认的金属丰度相关性从RV调查场星。

英文摘要:

We use radial velocity observations to search for long-period gas giant companions in systems hosting inner super-Earth (1-4 R_Earth, 1-10 M_Earth) planets to constrain formation and migration scenarios for this population. We consistently re-fit published RV datasets for 65 stars and find 9 systems with statistically significant trends indicating the presence of an outer companion. We combine these RV data with AO images to constrain the masses and semi-major axes of these companions. We quantify our sensitivity to the presence of long-period companions by fitting the sample with a power law distribution and find an occurrence rate of 39+/-7% for companions 0.5-20 M_Jup and 1-20 AU. Half of our systems were discovered by the transit method and half were discovered by the RV method. While differences in RV baselines and number of data points between the two samples lead to different sensitivities to distant companions, we find that occurrence rates of gas giant companions in each sample are consistent at the 0.5$σ$ level. We compare the frequency of Jupiter analogs in these systems to the equivalent rate from field star surveys and find that Jupiter analogs are more common around stars hosting super-Earths. We conclude that the presence of outer gas giants does not suppress the formation of inner super-Earths, and that these two populations of planets instead appear to be correlated. We also find that the stellar metallicities of systems with gas giant companions are higher than those without companions, in agreement with the well-established metallicity correlation from RV surveys of field stars.

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