p-Pb和Pb-Pb碰撞统一模型中核子子结构性质的估算
Estimating nucleon substructure properties in a unified model of p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions
摘要：
我们应用一个经过良好测试的混合输运模型，耦合粘性流体动力学强子加力燃烧室，描述散装可观的质子铅和铅铅碰撞在$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV。夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）的初始条件采用TRENTO参数模型，通过增加核子子结构参数来改变每个核子内部热点的数量和大小，然后通过预平衡自由流阶段来匹配初始状态的全部能量-动量张量到粘性流体动力学上.初始条件和QGP介质参数，如QGP剪切和体积粘度的温度依赖性，然后校准使用贝叶斯参数估计描述带电粒子产率，平均$p_T$和各向异性流谐波的碰撞系统在一个单一的自洽框架。我们发现，混合模型提供了一个令人信服的，同时使用适当选择的模型参数的碰撞系统的描述，并提出了新的后验估计的大小和形状的核子和温度依赖的QGP剪切和体积粘度。
英文摘要：
We apply a well tested hybrid transport model, which couples viscous hydrodynamics to a hadronic afterburner, to describe bulk observables in proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) initial conditions are modeled using the parametric TRENTO model with additional nucleon substructure parameters to vary the number and size of hot spots inside each nucleon, followed by a pre-equilibrium free streaming stage to match the full energy-momentum tensor of the initial state onto viscous hydrodynamics. Initial condition and QGP medium parameters, such as the temperature dependence of the QGP shear and bulk viscosities, are then calibrated using Bayesian parameter estimation to describe charged particle yields, mean $p_T$ and anisotropic flow harmonics of both collision systems in a single self-consistent framework. We find that the hybrid model provides a compelling, simultaneous description of both collision systems using appropriately chosen model parameters, and present new posterior estimates for the size and shape of the nucleon and temperature dependence of QGP shear and bulk viscosities.
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