识别和减少可变性的生产线系统工程过程
A Product Line Systems Engineering Process for Variability Identification and Reduction
摘要：
软件产品线工程在过去的二十年里引起了人们的关注，因为它有希望通过重用需求和组件来降低成本和缩短上市时间。在实践中，在大型公司中开发系统级产品线并不是一件容易的事情，因为可能涉及数千种变体和多个学科。在领域工程中手工重用遗留系统模型来构建可重用的系统库和变体配置以获得目标产品是不可行的。为了应对这一挑战，提出了一个产品线系统工程过程。具体而言，该过程扩展了系统正交可变性模型的研究，以支持具有正式定义的分层可变性建模;利用系统工程概念和遗留系统模型来构建可变性模型的层次结构，并识别变量之间的基本关系;最后，分析所识别的关系，以减少变化点的数量。该过程，这是自动化的计算算法，证明了通过一个说明性的例子广义罗尔斯-罗伊斯飞机发动机控制系统。为了评估该过程在减少变异点方面的有效性，进一步将其应用于不同复杂程度的不同工程领域的案例研究。根据系统模型的可用性，在案例研究中，变异点的数量减少了14%至40%。
英文摘要：
Software Product Line Engineering has attracted attention in the last two decades due to its promising capabilities to reduce costs and time to market through reuse of requirements and components. In practice, developing system level product lines in a large-scale company is not an easy task as there may be thousands of variants and multiple disciplines involved. The manual reuse of legacy system models at domain engineering to build reusable system libraries and configurations of variants to derive target products can be infeasible. To tackle this challenge, a Product Line Systems Engineering process is proposed. Specifically, the process extends research in the System Orthogonal Variability Model to support hierarchical variability modeling with formal definitions; utilizes Systems Engineering concepts and legacy system models to build the hierarchy for the variability model and to identify essential relations between variants; and finally, analyzes the identified relations to reduce the number of variation points. The process, which is automated by computational algorithms, is demonstrated through an illustrative example on generalized Rolls-Royce aircraft engine control systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the process in the reduction of variation points, it is further applied to case studies in different engineering domains at different levels of complexity. Subject to system model availability, reduction of 14% to 40% in the number of variation points are demonstrated in the case studies.
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