韧性多孔材料压缩过程中的类地震崩塌
Earthquake-Like Avalanches in Compression of Ductile Porous Materials
摘要：
地震是一种复杂的现象，其特征在于一些基本的地震规律。然而，在无序材料的脆性断裂框架下，这些普遍的标度行为，特别是临界指数，仍然是很远的理解。在这封信中，我们研究了一种非脆性材料--韧性泡沫金属玻璃--在压缩过程中的雪崩。除了弹性和无序之外，细胞结构中的应变局部化也可以引入更复杂的非弹性效应。我们发现，不同于脆性断裂，额外的剪切带相互作用导致新的雪崩动力学，成功地再现了最基本的地震定律，包括古腾堡-里希特定律，统一的标度律的等待时间，大森定律，和生产力定律。因此，我们的研究结果表明，当地的塑性滑移，也发生在自然地震活动（如应变局部化断层泥），构成了一个必要的成分，占最基本的地震规律。
英文摘要：
Earthquakes are complex phenomena characterized by some fundamental seismic laws. However, under the framework of brittle fracture in disordered material, these universal scaling behaviors, especially for critical exponents, are still far from understood. In this Letter, we study avalanches in compression of a nonbrittle material, the ductile metallic glass foam. In addition to elasticity and disorder, more complex inelastic effects can be also introduced by strain localization in cellular structures. We show that different from brittle fracture, the additional shear-banding interactions result in novel avalanche dynamics which successfully reproduce the most fundamental seismic laws, including the Gutenberg-Richter law, the unified scaling law for the waiting times, Omori law, and the productivity law. Our results thus demonstrate that the local plastic slip, that also occurs in natural seismicity (such as strain localization in fault gouges), constitutes a necessary ingredient to account for the most fundamental seismic laws.
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