脆韧性过渡带对余震和前震发生的影响
The influence of the brittle-ductile transition zone on aftershock and foreshock occurrence
摘要：
余震的发生具有标度行为的特征，其标度指数具有很强的普适性。与此同时，偏离普适性被提出作为区分余震和前震的工具。在这里，我们表明，地壳的流变行为的变化，从速度减弱到速度加强，是一个可行的机制来解释余震和前震的统计特征。更准确地说，我们提出了一个模型的地震断层描述为一个速度减弱弹性层耦合到速度加强粘弹性层。我们表明，统计性质的余震仪器目录恢复在定量水平上，相当独立的模型参数的值。我们还发现，大地震往往是由一个准备阶段的前震发生的特点。它们的震级分布明显比余震平坦，与基于前震的预测工具的最新结果一致。
英文摘要：
Aftershock occurrence is characterized by scaling behaviors with quite universal exponents. At the same time, deviations from universality have been proposed as a tool to discriminate aftershocks from foreshocks. Here we show that the change in rheological behavior of the crust, from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening, represents a viable mechanism to explain statistical features of both aftershocks and foreshocks. More precisely, we present a model of the seismic fault described as a velocity weakening elastic layer coupled to a velocity strengthening visco-elastic layer. We show that the statistical properties of aftershocks in instrumental catalogs are recovered at a quantitative level, quite independently of the value of model parameters. We also find that large earthquakes are often anticipated by a preparatory phase characterized by the occurrence of foreshocks. Their magnitude distribution is significantly flatter than the aftershock one, in agreement with recent results for forecasting tools based on foreshocks.
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