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arXiv 1806.02419stat.ME
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一种基于似然的原假设显著性检验方法

A Likelihood-based Alternative to Null Hypothesis Significance Testing

Nicholas Adams, Gerard O'Reilly

摘要:

与使用P值和原假设显著性检验进行研究解释相关的逻辑和实际困难已被广泛记录。本文介绍了一种替代的,基于可能性的方法来解释P值。研究的P值和样本量用于导出具有单个参数的似然函数,估计的群体效应量,并且使用极大似然估计方法来计算最可能的效应量。使用似然比检验比较最有可能的效应量的可能性和最小临床显着效应量的可能性,得出临床显着性支持水平(或S值),这是一个合乎逻辑且易于理解的研究证据指标。这种临床显著性似然方法与原假设显著性检验相比具有明显的优势。作为激励的例子,我们证明了计算和解释的S值应用于最近两个广泛宣传的试验,妇女从柳叶刀和救济从新英格兰医学杂志。

英文摘要:

The logical and practical difficulties associated with research interpretation using P values and null hypothesis significance testing have been extensively documented. This paper describes an alternative, likelihood-based approach to P-value interpretation. The P-value and sample size of a research study are used to derive a likelihood function with a single parameter, the estimated population effect size, and the method of maximum likelihood estimation is used to calculate the most likely effect size. Comparison of the likelihood of the most likely effect size and the likelihood of the minimum clinically significant effect size using the likelihood ratio test yields the clinical significance support level (or S-value), a logical and easily understood metric of research evidence. This clinical significance likelihood approach has distinct advantages over null hypothesis significance testing. As motivating examples we demonstrate the calculation and interpretation of S-values applied to two recent widely publicised trials, WOMAN from the Lancet and RELIEF from the New England Journal of Medicine.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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