行星链对系外彗星的散射：exozodi水平和彗星物质向内行星的输送
Scattering of exocomets by a planet chain: exozodi levels and the delivery of cometary material to inner planets
摘要：
被行星散射的彗星被用来解释在多种情况下的观测，包括经常发现的附近恒星周围的近红外和中红外过量来自外黄道尘埃。在这里，我们调查的过程中向内散射的彗星起源于一个外部带，是受影响的行星系的架构，以确定这是否可能导致可观察到exozodi水平或提供挥发性物质的内行星。使用N体模拟，我们模拟系统不同的行星质量和轨道间距分布在1-50 AU区域。我们发现，紧密堆积（$Δa_\mathrm{p}<20 R_\mathrm{Hill,m}$）的低质量行星在将物质输送到臭氧外区域方面最有效（5-7%的分散系外彗星最终在某个时刻位于0.5 AU以内），尽管臭氧外水平的变化不超过这里研究的架构的7倍。我们认为，行星之间分散的尘埃物质的排放可以为这种输送机制提供潜在的测试。我们表明，散射材料的表面密度可以变化两个数量级（最高的低质量行星系统与中等间距），而exozodi交付率大致保持不变，未来的仪器，如JWST可以检测到它。事实上，$η$ Corvi，目前的赫歇尔上限排除了散射场景链的$\lesssim$ 30 M $_\oplus$行星。最后，我们证明了系外彗星可以有效地将彗星物质传递到内行星（每个内行星上有0.1-1%的分散彗星被吸积）。总的来说，将彗星送到内行星的最佳系统是那些具有低质量外行星和中等间距的系统（$\sim20 R_\mathrm{Hill,m}$）。
英文摘要：
Exocomets scattered by planets have been invoked to explain observations in multiple contexts, including the frequently found near- and mid-infrared excess around nearby stars arising from exozodiacal dust. Here we investigate how the process of inward scattering of comets originating in an outer belt, is affected by the architecture of a planetary system, to determine whether this could lead to observable exozodi levels or deliver volatiles to inner planets. Using N-body simulations, we model systems with different planet mass and orbital spacing distributions in the 1-50 AU region. We find that tightly packed ($Δa_\mathrm{p}<20 R_\mathrm{Hill,m}$) low mass planets are the most efficient at delivering material to exozodi regions (5-7% of scattered exocomets end up within 0.5 AU at some point), although the exozodi levels do not vary by more than a factor of ~7 for the architectures studied here. We suggest that emission from scattered dusty material in between the planets could provide a potential test for this delivery mechanism. We show that the surface density of scattered material can vary by two orders of magnitude (being highest for systems of low mass planets with medium spacing), whilst the exozodi delivery rate stays roughly constant, and that future instruments such as JWST could detect it. In fact for $η$ Corvi, the current Herschel upper limit rules out the scattering scenario by a chain of $\lesssim$30 M$_\oplus$ planets. Finally, we show that exocomets could be efficient at delivering cometary material to inner planets (0.1-1% of scattered comets are accreted per inner planet). Overall, the best systems at delivering comets to inner planets are the ones that have low mass outer planets and medium spacing ($\sim20 R_\mathrm{Hill,m}$).
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