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arXiv 1804.03478astro-ph.EP
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通过照射原太阳星云中的冰粒合成分子氧

Synthesis of molecular oxygen via irradiation of ice grains in the protosolar nebula

O. Mousis, T. Ronnet, J. I. Lunine, R. Maggiolo, P. Wurz, G. Danger, A. Bouquet

摘要:

在67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星的彗发中,用Rosetta航天器上的ROSINA质谱仪探测到了分子氧,其平均丰度为3.80 $\pm$ 0.85\ %。为了解释67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星中存在这种物质的原因,已经表明,彗星冰粒前体的辐解是低密度环境(如分子云)中的一种可行机制。在这里,我们研究了另一种可能性,即原太阳星云中平面中存在的冰粒在中平面和上层之间的垂直传输过程中经过大量循环而受到辐射,这是湍流混合的结果。因此,这些颗粒在其生命周期中的一个不可忽略的部分是在圆盘的上部区域,那里的宇宙射线辐射很强。要做到这一点,我们使用了一个耦合的磁盘传输辐照模型来计算放射性产生的冰粒中的分子氧丰度的时间演变。我们的计算表明,即使有相当一部分的冰粒子在1000万年的时间里沿着一个来回的循环流向磁盘的上层,这个时间跨度远远超过了彗星67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko的形成时间尺度,产生的分子氧的数量至少比罗塞塔观测低两个数量级。我们的结论是,最有可能的情况仍然是在低密度环境中形成的分子氧,如太阳前云,在原太阳星云的成因。

英文摘要:

Molecular oxygen has been detected in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov--Gerasimenko with a mean abundance of 3.80 $\pm$ 0.85\% by the ROSINA mass spectrometer on board the Rosetta spacecraft. To account for the presence of this species in comet 67P/Churyumov--Gerasimenko, it has been shown that the radiolysis of ice grains precursors of comets is a viable mechanism in low-density environments, such as molecular clouds. Here, we investigate the alternative possibility that the icy grains present in the midplane of the protosolar nebula were irradiated during their vertical transport between the midplane and the upper layers over a large number of cycles, as a result of turbulent mixing. Consequently, these grains spent a non-negligible fraction of their lifetime in the disk's upper regions, where the irradiation by cosmic rays was strong. To do so, we used a coupled disk-transport-irradiation model to calculate the time evolution of the molecular oxygen abundance radiolytically produced in ice grains. Our computations show that, even if a significant fraction of the icy particles have followed a back and forth cycle towards the upper layers of the disk over 10 million of years, a timespan far exceeding the formation timescale of comet 67P/Churyumov--Gerasimenko, the amount of produced molecular oxygen is at least two orders of magnitude lower than the Rosetta observations. We conclude that the most likely scenario remains the formation of molecular oxygen in low-density environments, such as the presolar cloud, prior to the genesis of the protosolar nebula.

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