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arXiv 1804.01971physics.plasm-ph
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磁矩在逃逸电子无碰撞俯仰角散射中的作用

The role of magnetic moment in the collisionless pitch-angle scattering of runaway electrons

Chang Liu, Hong Qin, Eero Hirvijoki, Yulei Wang, Jian Liu

摘要:

最近,引导中心的方法来模拟托卡马克中的相对论逃逸电子的有效性受到了全轨道模拟的挑战,证明了标准磁矩守恒的崩溃。本文导出了相对论逃逸电子的磁矩的一个新的表达式,它比标准表达式具有更好的守恒性。新的结果包括一个二阶修正在标准的引导中心理论,在逃逸电子与$p_{\parallel}\gg p_{\perp}$的情况下,可以特别是相同的顺序作为最低阶项。新的磁矩的更好的守恒也解释了在全轨道模拟中观察到的无碰撞俯仰角散射效应,因为当逃逸电子被电场加速时,它允许垂直和平行方向之间的动量转移。虽然在一般情况下,推导对磁矩的二阶修正需要相对论二阶导引中心理论的全部范围,但我们在极限$p_{\parallel}\gg p_{\perp}$处利用了Lie微扰法,这显著地简化了计算。因此,我们提出了相应的引导中心方程适用于高度相对论逃逸电子。

英文摘要:

Recently, the validity of the guiding-center approach to model relativistic runaway electrons in tokamaks has been challenged by full-orbit simulations that demonstrate the breakdown of the standard magnetic moment conservation. In this paper, we derive a new expression for the magnetic moment of relativistic runaway electrons, which is conserved significantly better than the standard one. The new result includes one of the second-order corrections in the standard guiding-center theory which, in case of runaway electrons with $p_{\parallel}\gg p_{\perp}$, can peculiarly be of the same order as the lowest-order term. The better conservation of the new magnetic moment also explains the collisionless pitch-angle-scattering effect observed in full-orbit simulations since it allows momentum transfer between the perpendicular and parallel directions when the runaway electron is accelerated by an electric field. While the derivation of the second-order correction to the magnetic moment in general case would require the full extent of the relativistic second-order guiding-center theory, we exploit the Lie-perturbation method at the limit $p_{\parallel}\gg p_{\perp}$ which simplifies the computations significantly. Consequently, we present the corresponding guiding-center equations applicable to the highly relativistic runaway electrons.

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