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arXiv 1804.00749quant-ph
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一个独立事实的no-go定理

A no-go theorem for observer-independent facts

Caslav Brukner

摘要:

在著名的思想实验中,维格纳将一个纠缠态赋予了由她的朋友和她的观测系统组成的复合量子系统。虽然他们两人对这个过程有不同的解释,但每个维格纳和他的朋友原则上都可以通过进行适当的测量来验证他/她各自的状态分配。如通过探测器中的点击或指针的特定位置所显示的,这些测量的结果可以被视为反映了直接可观察的“事实”。回顾arXiv:1507.05255,我将推导出一个与其他独立事实无关的不可行定理,这对维格纳和他的朋友来说都是共同的。然后,我将在arXiv:1604.07422中新导出的定理的背景下分析这个结果,其中Frauchiger和Renner证明了“量子理论的单世界解释不能自洽”。有人认为,“自我一致性”具有相同的含义,假设不同的观察者的观察语句可以在一个单一的(因此是一个独立的)理论框架进行比较。然而,后者可能是不可能的,如果这些陈述被理解为关系的,因为它们的确定性是相对于观察者的。

英文摘要:

In his famous thought experiment, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system made up of Wigner's friend and her observed system. While the two of them have different accounts of the process, each Wigner and his friend can in principle verify his/her respective state assignments by performing an appropriate measurement. As manifested through a click in a detector or a specific position of the pointer, the outcomes of these measurements can be regarded as reflecting directly observable "facts". Reviewing arXiv:1507.05255, I will derive a no-go theorem for observer-independent facts, which would be common both for Wigner and the friend. I will then analyze this result in the context of a newly derived theorem in arXiv:1604.07422, where Frauchiger and Renner prove that "single-world interpretations of quantum theory cannot be self-consistent". It is argued that "self-consistency" has the same implications as the assumption that observational statements of different observers can be compared in a single (and hence an observer-independent) theoretical framework. The latter, however, may not be possible, if the statements are to be understood as relational in the sense that their determinacy is relative to an observer.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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