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arXiv 1803.04779cs.LGnlin.CDstat.ML
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混沌过程的混合预测:结合基于知识的模型使用机器学习

Hybrid Forecasting of Chaotic Processes: Using Machine Learning in Conjunction with a Knowledge-Based Model

University of Maryland(马里兰大学);Rice University(莱斯大学);Haverford College(哈弗福德学院)

Jaideep Pathak, Alexander Wikner, Rebeckah Fussell, Sarthak Chandra, Brian Hunt, Michelle Girvan, Edward Ott

摘要:

一种基于模型的方法来预测混沌动力系统,利用控制动力学的物理过程的知识来建立系统的近似数学模型。相比之下,机器学习技术已经证明了纯粹从系统状态变量(训练数据)的过去时间序列测量来预测混沌系统的有希望的结果,而无需系统动态的先验知识。本文的动机是机器学习的潜力,以填补我们的基础机械知识的差距,导致广泛使用的基于知识的模型是不准确的。因此,我们在这里提出了一个通用的方法,利用这两种方法的优点,结合基于知识的模型和机器学习技术,建立一个混合预测方案。这种方法的潜在应用有很多(例如,改善天气预报)。我们证明和测试这种方法的实用性,使用一个特定的说明性版本的机器学习称为储备池计算,我们将得到的混合预测低维混沌系统,以及高维时空混沌系统。这些测试产生了非常有希望的结果,因为我们的混合技术能够准确预测比机器学习组件或基于模型的组件更长的时间。

英文摘要:

A model-based approach to forecasting chaotic dynamical systems utilizes knowledge of the physical processes governing the dynamics to build an approximate mathematical model of the system. In contrast, machine learning techniques have demonstrated promising results for forecasting chaotic systems purely from past time series measurements of system state variables (training data), without prior knowledge of the system dynamics. The motivation for this paper is the potential of machine learning for filling in the gaps in our underlying mechanistic knowledge that cause widely-used knowledge-based models to be inaccurate. Thus we here propose a general method that leverages the advantages of these two approaches by combining a knowledge-based model and a machine learning technique to build a hybrid forecasting scheme. Potential applications for such an approach are numerous (e.g., improving weather forecasting). We demonstrate and test the utility of this approach using a particular illustrative version of a machine learning known as reservoir computing, and we apply the resulting hybrid forecaster to a low-dimensional chaotic system, as well as to a high-dimensional spatiotemporal chaotic system. These tests yield extremely promising results in that our hybrid technique is able to accurately predict for a much longer period of time than either its machine-learning component or its model-based component alone.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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