MOSQUITO：使用扬声器对扬声器通信的两个空气间隙计算机之间的隐蔽超声波传输
MOSQUITO: Covert Ultrasonic Transmissions between Two Air-Gapped Computers using Speaker-to-Speaker Communication
摘要：
在本文中，我们将展示如何在同一个房间中的两台（或更多）气隙计算机，配备无源扬声器，耳机或耳机可以通过超声波秘密交换数据。不需要麦克风。我们的方法是基于恶意软件利用特定音频芯片功能的能力，以便将连接的扬声器从输出设备反转为输入设备-不显眼地将其呈现为麦克风。我们讨论了攻击模型，并提供了技术背景和实现细节。我们表明，虽然反向扬声器/耳机/耳机最初不是设计用于麦克风，但它们仍然对近超声波范围（18 kHz至24 kHz）有很好的响应。我们评估的通信信道与不同的设备，在不同的距离和传输速度，并讨论了一些实际的考虑。我们的研究结果表明，扬声器到扬声器通信可以用来隐蔽地传输数据之间的两个空气间隙的计算机定位最大的9米，彼此远离。此外，我们表明，两个（无麦克风）耳机可以从三米的距离交换数据。这使得“耳机到耳机”的隐蔽通信，这是本文首次讨论。
英文摘要：
In this paper we show how two (or more) airgapped computers in the same room, equipped with passive speakers, headphones, or earphones can covertly exchange data via ultrasonic waves. Microphones are not required. Our method is based on the capability of a malware to exploit a specific audio chip feature in order to reverse the connected speakers from output devices into input devices - unobtrusively rendering them microphones. We discuss the attack model and provide technical background and implementation details. We show that although the reversed speakers/headphones/earphones were not originally designed to perform as microphones, they still respond well to the near-ultrasonic range (18kHz to 24kHz). We evaluate the communication channel with different equipment, and at various distances and transmission speeds, and also discuss some practical considerations. Our results show that the speaker-to-speaker communication can be used to covertly transmit data between two air-gapped computers positioned a maximum of nine meters away from one another. Moreover, we show that two (microphone-less) headphones can exchange data from a distance of three meters apart. This enables 'headphones-to-headphones' covert communication, which is discussed for the first time in this paper.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
