发电机action和磁触发流动不稳定性的实验室实验
Laboratory experiments on dynamo action and magnetically triggered flow instabilities
摘要：
行星、恒星和星系的磁场是由运动的导电流体的自激产生的。一旦产生，磁场就可以通过破坏旋转流的稳定来在宇宙结构的形成中发挥积极作用，否则旋转流在流体动力学上是稳定的。长期以来，磁流体发电机作用和磁触发流动不稳定性都是纯理论研究的主题。然而，与此同时，在里加、卡尔斯鲁厄和卡达拉什的大规模液体钠实验中观察到了发电机效应。本文总结了液态金属实验中的发电机效应和各种磁不稳定性，如螺旋磁旋转不稳定性、方位磁旋转不稳定性和泰勒不稳定性的研究结果。我们详细讨论了我们的计划，进动驱动的发电机实验和大规模的泰勒-库埃特实验，使用液体钠，并观察磁触发的不稳定性的前景与正剪切流。
英文摘要：
Magnetic fields of planets, stars and galaxies are generated by self-excitation in moving electrically conducting fluids. Once produced, magnetic fields can play an active role in cosmic structure formation by destabilizing rotational flows that would be otherwise hydrodynamically stable. For a long time, both hydromagnetic dynamo action as well as magnetically triggered flow instabilities had been the subject of purely theoretical research. Meanwhile, however, the dynamo effect has been observed in large-scale liquid sodium experiments in Riga, Karlsruhe and Cadarache. In this paper, we summarize the results of liquid metal experiments devoted to the dynamo effect and various magnetic instabilities such as the helical and the azimuthal magnetorotational instability and the Tayler instability. We discuss in detail our plans for a precession-driven dynamo experiment and a large-scale Tayler-Couette experiment using liquid sodium, and on the prospects to observe magnetically triggered instabilities of flows with positive shear.
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