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arXiv 1803.02005astro-ph.EP
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冥王星小卫星的早期原地形成

On the Early In Situ Formation of Pluto's Small Satellites

Man Yin Woo, Man Hoi Lee

摘要:

冥王星的小卫星--冥河、尼克斯、开普勒和九头蛇--的形成仍然是个谜。它们的轨道接近圆形,接近平均运动共振,几乎与冥卫一的轨道共面。有一种假设认为,它们都是在它们现在的位置附近由一个碎片盘形成的,这些碎片盘是在冥卫一潮汐演化之前从冥卫一形成的撞击中喷射出来的。这种情况下的有效性进行测试,通过执行$N$ -体模拟与小卫星作为试验粒子和冥王星-冥卫一从初始轨道在几个冥王星半径与初始偏心率$e_{\rm C} = 0$或0.2潮汐演变。经过潮汐演化后,通过对试验粒子到系统质心的距离进行快速傅立叶变换,提取试验粒子的自由偏心率$e_{\rm free}$,并与四颗小卫星的当前偏心率进行比较。唯一幸存的测试粒子与$e_{\rm free}$匹配的偏心率目前的卫星是那些不受平均运动共振在潮汐演化的模型与冥王星的有效潮汐耗散函数$Q = 100$和初始$e_{\rm C}$ = 0.2,迅速衰减。然而,这些测试粒子没有任何偏好与Charon处于或接近4:1、5:1和6:1共振。可能需要另一种情况来解释冥王星小卫星的形成。

英文摘要:

The formation of Pluto's small satellites - Styx, Nix, Keberos and Hydra - remains a mystery. Their orbits are nearly circular and are near mean-motion resonances and nearly coplanar with Charon's orbit. One scenario suggests that they all formed close to their current locations from a disk of debris that was ejected from the Charon-forming impact before the tidal evolution of Charon. The validity of this scenario is tested by performing $N$-body simulations with the small satellites treated as test particles and Pluto-Charon evolving tidally from an initial orbit at a few Pluto radii with initial eccentricity $e_{\rm C} = 0$ or 0.2. After tidal evolution, the free eccentricities $e_{\rm free}$ of the test particles are extracted by applying fast Fourier transformation to the distance between the test particles and the center of mass of the system and compared with the current eccentricities of the four small satellites. The only surviving test particles with $e_{\rm free}$ matching the eccentricities of the current satellites are those not affected by mean-motion resonances during the tidal evolution in a model with Pluto's effective tidal dissipation function $Q = 100$ and an initial $e_{\rm C}$ = 0.2 that is damped down rapidly. However, these test particles do not have any preference to be in or near 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 resonances with Charon. An alternative scenario may be needed to explain the formation of Pluto's small satellites.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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