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博弈论视角下的泄露与协议组合

Leakage and Protocol Composition in a Game-Theoretic Perspective

Mário S. Alvim, Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis, Yusuke Kawamoto, Catuscia Palamidessi

AI总结:

本文以博弈论框架刻画 QIF 中攻防双方对信息泄露的干预,建模协议组合的可见与不可见概率选择,并对多类泄露博弈建立泄露层级与均衡最优策略求解方法。

摘要:

在 Quantitative Information Flow(QIF,定量信息流)所研究的推理攻击中,攻击者通常试图干预系统,以增加其秘密信息的泄露。另一方面,防御者通常试图通过引入某种受控噪声来减少泄露。这种噪声引入可以被建模为一种协议组合,即不同协议之间的概率选择,而其对泄露量的影响在很大程度上取决于该选择是否对攻击者可见。在本工作中,我们考虑用于建模协议组合中可见选择与不可见选择的算子,并研究它们的代数性质。随后,我们在一个适配 QIF 特定问题、以信息泄露为收益的博弈论框架中,形式化防御者与攻击者之间的相互作用。根据参与者是同时行动还是顺序行动,以及防御者的选择是否对攻击者可见,我们考虑多种类型的泄露博弈。最后,我们依据这些博弈的信息泄露建立了一个层级,并为在各种情形下寻找攻击者和防御者双方的最优策略(在均衡点处)提供了方法。本文的完整版本可见于 arXiv:1803.10042。

英文摘要:

In the inference attacks studied in Quantitative Information Flow (QIF), the adversary typically tries to interfere with the system in the attempt to increase its leakage of secret information. The defender, on the other hand, typically tries to decrease leakage by introducing some controlled noise. This noise introduction can be modeled as a type of protocol composition, i.e., a probabilistic choice among different protocols, and its effect on the amount of leakage depends heavily on whether or not this choice is visible to the adversary. In this work we consider operators for modeling visible and invisible choice in protocol composition, and we study their algebraic properties. We then formalize the interplay between defender and adversary in a game-theoretic framework adapted to the specific issues of QIF, where the payoff is information leakage. We consider various kinds of leakage games, depending on whether players act simultaneously or sequentially, and on whether or not the choices of the defender are visible to the adversary. Finally, we establish a hierarchy of these games in terms of their information leakage, and provide methods for finding optimal strategies (at the points of equilibrium) for both attacker and defender in the various cases. The full version of this paper can be found in arXiv:1803.10042

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