A model of the ionospheric global conductor is designed. The ionospheric conductor is considered in the framework of a two-dimensional approximation based on high conductivity in the direction of the magnetic field. Under this assumption the magnetic field lines are equipotential, and the charge transfer between them is determined only by integral Pedersen and Hall conductivities. The model is constructed as the first approximation in the small parameter expansion of the solution of the three-dimensional problems of electrical conductivity. The small parameter is the ratio of Pedersen and field-aligned conductivities. The space distributions of the Pedersen and Hall conductivities are calculated using the empirical models IRI, MSISE, IGRF and applied to construct the maps of the integral conductivities. The parts of the magnetosphere with high conductivity across the magnetic field lines, namely, the cusps and the plasma layer are analyzed. It is shown that the connection of these magnetospheric conductors to the ionosphere in parallel makes the auroral zones equipotential regions. As a consequence, for the ionospheric electric fields, which generators are located in the ionosphere or in the atmosphere, the global problem of electrical conductivity is separated into three independent boundary value problems in three regions: two polar caps and the main part of the ionosphere which includes the mid- and low-latitude parts of the ionosphere. The model can be used for the analysis of the ionospheric part of the Global Electric Circuit, for calculation of the ionospheric dynamo electric field and as a fragment in more complex ionospheric and magnetospheric models.
Characterizing the current systems in the Martian ionosphere
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所）；College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院）；School of Space and Environment, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院）；Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院地球科学系）；Swedish Institute of Space Physics（瑞典空间物理研究所）；Center for Space Physics and Department of Astronomy, Boston University（波士顿大学空间物理中心暨天文学系）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；The Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences（上海数学与交叉学科研究院）；Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学大气科学学院行星环境与天体生物学研究实验室）
Extreme, transient bursts of energy in the auroral ionosphere. II. A magnetotail dipolarization event
University of Saskatchewan（萨斯喀彻温大学）；University of Alberta（阿尔伯塔大学）；University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与空间科学研究院）；Korea University of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）；University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学）；Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics（莱布尼茨大气物理研究所）
